Development of a user-friendly instrument for identifying the learning strategy preferences of adults

Learning strategies offer a means of addressing individual differences. A programmatic line of inquiry at two universities in the United States has led to an extensive body of research related to learning strategies and to the development of two instruments. This study reports on the development of one of these instruments that can be used to quickly identify learning strategy preferences. Although this instrument, Assessing The Learning Strategies of AdultS (ATLAS), appears very simple and is easy to use, a series of multivariate statistical procedures were used to develop and validate it. These procedures are reported here in detail so that practitioners can be aware of its strong research base and use it with confidence. ATLAS can be used either for self-assessment or by an instructor in order to quickly identify how an individual learner approaches a learning task.     

浅谈亲子教育和隔代教育对幼儿个性心理发展的影响

父母对于孩子身心成长具有重要影响。父母自己带孩子在孩子个性心理发展上有着不可比拟的优势。     

检察官应对方式与自我效能感的调查研究

研究旨在探讨检察官的自我效能感状况和应对方式的选择,以促进检察官提高自我效能感和采取更积极的应对方式。采用简易应对方式问卷(Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,SCSQ)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES),对中国4个省748位检察官进行调查和检测,并对他们的性别、年龄、工龄、教育水平、职务和工作部门等情况进行分析。结果显示检察官群体更倾向于选择积极的应对方式(t=7.288,p<0.01),而较少采用消极的应对方式(t=-44.579,p<0.01);但是在自我效能上却低于普通人常模(t=-20.187,p<0.01)。不同职务的检察官在积极应对方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别,不同工龄,不同职务和不同部门的检察官在自我效能上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。因此认为,提高检察官的准入门槛,适时地进行培训,能改善检察官的应对方式;适当减压,能提高检察官的自我效能感;艰难而费事的工作应当尽可能分配给年龄大、工龄长的检察官。     

幼儿攻击性倾向的成因及矫正

由于遗传素质及家庭环境的影响，许多幼儿具有较为明显的攻击性倾向。要矫正幼儿的攻击性倾向，首先要改变父母的教养方式，要树立起现代的教育观念，建立平等和谐的亲子关系，教育孩子正确对待挫折，提高孩子的挫折容忍力，并通过合理的惩罚，让孩子改变不良的行为习惯。     

论苏赋

文章分四个部分:首辨伪,认为《苏轼文集》所收苏赋27篇,有两篇非苏轼作品;次编年,考订了前人编年有待商榷之賦;次分体,认为苏賦诸体皆备,他以文赋闻名于賦史, 但他的多数赋仍是骈赋和律赋;最后是苏赋分类,认为苏赋题材十分丰富,含议政、纪游、吊古、咏物,苏轼不善饮酒,而咏酒赋特多。     

Developing effective teacher beliefs about learners: the role of sensitizing teachers to individual learning differences

Effective teacher beliefs about students are an integral part of effective teaching. Teachers with interventionist beliefs about students (‘I can intervene to help a learner with difficulties’) show more effective practice than teachers with pathognomonic beliefs (‘I blame the learner for his difficulties’). A professional development (PD) course sensitized teachers (N = 234) to individual learning differences (ILDs), using five learning/cognitive styles tools. Teachers’ responses to a pre‐/post‐test question concerning their beliefs about ‘weak students’ were analyzed and correlated with their ILD scores. Before the PD, teachers with strong ILD preferences matched to traditional learning contexts were significantly more ‘at risk’ (i.e., had fewer interventionist beliefs) than the other teachers; the former teachers were significantly overrepresented in the sample. After the PD, teachers’ interventionist beliefs significantly increased, regardless of their ILD preferences. Neither the length of the PD (28 hrs. vs. 56 hrs.) nor the amount of teaching experience affected the teachers’ interventionist beliefs about students. A mediated, constructivist and collaborative PD, which sensitizes teachers to individual learning differences, can increase effective teacher beliefs about students. We conclude that developing more effective teacher beliefs about learners should become a component of teacher professional development.     

Child Rearing: Passivity and being able to go on. Wittgenstein on shared practices and seeing aspects

It is not uncommon to hear parents say in discussions they have with their children 'Look at it this way'. And called upon for their advice, counsellors too say something to adults with the significance of 'Try to see it like this'. The change of someone's perspective in the context of child rearing is the focus of this paper. Our interest in this lies not so much in giving an answer to the practical problems that are at stake, but at disentangling the issues on a conceptual level. Within the so-called second part of his Philosophical Investigations , Wittgenstein deals with shared practices and with concepts such as 'seeing' and 'seeing as'. What he says there is in terms of content linked with his earlier Tractatus position concerning ethics, a matter which will first be dealt with. After that, the relevant sections of his later work are discussed. Following Cavell, it is concluded that to try to get someone to see what one sees, necessarily presupposes giving it out of one's hands. The passivity this points at highlights what Erziehung in the end comes down to.     

译者审美观的多样性对翻译风格的影响

译者的翻译风格和他们的经历、性格、才艺、道德、情感有密切的关系。在这些因素中,译者自身的个性气质形成了译者的翻译风格,特别对其选材产生了深远的影响。笔者分析了个性审美的差异和他们翻译风格之闻的关系。     

科技期刊封面设计:基本规范·主要类型·图片获取——以《岩石学报》为例

中国期刊国际化进程日趋加快,期刊封面设计个性化,在一定程度上对于增强刊物对读者的吸引力、推进期刊品牌效应、扩大发行等方面起到重要的作用.通过对期刊封面设计的基本规范、主要类型的阐述,结合实例剖析封面图片应如何获取,分析与说明期刊封面设计所遵循的基本原则、设计理念和构创思路,以期引起相关人员的关注,并为实践和研究提供参考.     

美国父母参与儿童早期保育与教育述评

父母参与儿童早期保育与教育是美国儿童早期发展的"干预计划"中重要内容。在"开端计划"、"儿童保育运动"和"家庭援助方案"中父母以课堂志愿者活动、义工、家访交流等多种形式参与儿童早期保育与教育,以传递家庭中的文化、语言、宗教等方面的传统,监督保育与教育的各种实施措施改进和总体质量的提升,促进其子女的健康发展和自身素质和技能的提高。