教师职业压力、社会支持和心理健康关系探析——以中小学教师为例

旨在探讨中小学教师职业压力、社会支持和心理健康间的关系,为促进中小学教师心理健康提供心理学依据.采用教师职业压力问卷、社会支持问卷和症状自评量表对625名中小学教师进行调查.结果表明:中小学教师的职业压力主要来自于工作负荷、职业期望和考试压力,在心理健康水平方面,高职业压力的教师要显著低于低职业压力的教师,高社会支持的...     

心理反抗与肉身逃亡——朱湘留美肄业归国的心理原因探析

朱湘是中国现代文学史上留学生中的异类,他没有取得学位便提前回国,以往的学者对此的研究多停留于外在事实层面,而忽略了诗人心理世界的独特性。从朱湘的应激心理、孤独心理和性爱心理三个方面入手分析诗人留学期间的心理状态,以探求其肄业归国的内在动因。     

The relationship between exposure to family violence in childhood and post-traumatic stress symptoms in young adulthood: The mediating role of social support

BackgroundExtensive research has examined the relationship between exposure to family violence and its long-term mental health effects. Social support has been found to moderate this relationship, but there is a dearth of research on its mediating role.ObjectivesThe article presents the results of a study on the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence during childhood and adolescence on the one hand, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood on the other. In addition, the article presents results on the role of social support as a mediator in this relationship.Method, participants, and settingA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 516 Israeli university and college students (90.7% female, and 9.3% male; M age = 24.9, SD = 2.7) using a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe results revealed that exposure to each pattern of family violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence) predicted higher levels of PTSS. Furthermore, social support was found to partially mediate the relationship between exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence and current PTSS as well as its four symptoms, i.e., depression, sleep disturbance, dissociation, and anxiety.ConclusionsThe results of the current study highlight the important role of social support in the association between adversities experienced early in life and young adulthood outcomes. The findings are interpreted on the basis of Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll et al., 1990), which served as the conceptual framework for the study. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.     

Child and family traumatic stress intervention (CFTSI) reduces parental posttraumatic stress symptoms: A multi-site meta-analysis (MSMA)

BackgroundFollowing traumatization, caregiver support is a crucial factor contributing to children's successful management of posttraumatic reactions and their recovery. Caregivers who have been traumatically impacted themselves, however, may be compromised in this posttraumatic caregiving role. Although there are a number of evidence-based child trauma treatments that are effective in reducing children's trauma symptoms, the impact of child treatment on participating caregiver's posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) has received less attention.ObjectiveExplore PTS reduction caregivers experience through participation in their child's evidence-based trauma-focused mental health treatment.Participants and setting640 Child-Caregiver dyads referred for the Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) following formal disclosure of abuse in a Child Advocacy Center (CAC).MethodsData were collected from 10 community treatment sites trained in CFTSI. A multi-site meta-analytic approach was used to evaluate pooled and site-specific therapeutic effect sizes for caregivers and children.ResultsCFTSI was associated with significant changes (Hedge's g = 1.17, Child-rated; g = 0.66, caregiver-rated) in children's PTS and with clinically meaningful improvements in PTS for 62% of participating caregivers who had started CFTSI with clinical levels of PTS as measured by the Post Traumatic Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). The overall mean PCL-C change (9.31, SD = 12.9) in paired, pre-post PCL-C scores is close to a clinically meaningful change of 10 or higher. There was a robust moderate pooled effect size (g = 0.70, N = 640, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe value of a reduction in caregiver PTS as a secondary outcome of children's trauma-focused treatment is discussed.     

Emotional and behavior problems in adopted children – The role of early adversities and adoptive parents’ regulation and behavior

BackgroundEarly adversity and negative experiences in the adoptive family can put adopted children at risk for emotional and behavior problems.ObjectiveThis study analyzes the influence of children’s preadoptive history and adoptive parents’ characteristics on the psychosocial adjustment of nationally and internationally adopted children in Germany.Participants and settingThe survey included 172 adopted children aged between 24 and 145 months and their adoptive parents.MethodsParents provided information about preadoptive history. Information about emotional and behavior problems was obtained from the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental well-being was obtained through a composite score of three standardized measures (self-efficacy questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4, Brief Symptom Inventory BSI); parenting behavior was assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (DEAPQ).Results12.5% of the adopted children scored in the clinical range of the SDQ. In a multiple regression analysis, the experience of maltreatment and neglect was the most important predictor of emotional and behavior problems at time of assessment, followed by pre- and perinatal risk and parental stress regulation difficulties, R² = .423, F(4, 128) = 28.539. Increases in the number of risk factors present were associated with a greater odd of children scoring in the clinical range of the SDQ.ConclusionsMost of the nationally and internationally adopted children in this sample were well-adjusted. Prenatal and preadoptive risk as well as stress regulation capacities of the main caregiver contributed to the child’s development. An accumulation of risks increased the likelihood of adjustment problems in adopted children.     

融合教育教师职业压力对职业倦怠的影响:社会支持的中介作用

本研究旨在考察融合教育教师职业压力、社会支持和职业倦怠之间的关系,采用问卷调查法对来自北京市、厦门市、中山市的367名融合教育教师进行调查.结果 发现:融合教育教师的职业压力显著影响教师的职业倦怠;融合教育教师获得的社会支持显著影响其职业倦怠.融合教育教师的社会支持在职业压力与职业倦怠关系中发挥部分中介作用,即融合教育...     

应用双剪理论计算钢管混凝土需注意的几点问题

针对钢管混凝土的复杂受力特性及目前计算钢管混凝土承载力时双剪统一理论的应用条件,通过对构件受压过程的理论分析得出应用该理论时常被工程忽视的几点关键问题。本文的分析有助于对钢管混凝土受力行为的深入理解,并为后续工作的展开提供指导。     

成层地基固结性状中不同定义平均固结度研究分析

一维地基固结理论从传统的太沙基一维固结理论到成层地基一维固结理论中。由于实际地基大多由性质不一的成状土组成,成层地基固结度计算一直为人们所关注。固结度有按沉降(压缩量)定义的地基总平均固结度和按作用的平均有效应力(或所消散的平均孔压)定义(简称按平均孔压定义)的地基总平均固结度。但对实际工程对它们的大小比较讨论甚少,对实际的选取应用没有理论上的支持。本文从一般均质地基的固结度定义入手,在相对比较理想的土体条件假设下,系统的比较了它们的大小区别,并在单面排水条件下结论Us>Up是一定成立的,并且根据以有的半理论解编制了相应的计算程序来说明本文的正确性。     

流道插件在高温和磁流体作用下的力学行为

在国际热核聚变试验堆计划中,流道插件是包层模块中的一个重要部件,它的主要作用是隔热和电绝缘,它的力学行为受到高温、磁场、流体压力的共同作用,使得其响应分析成为一个多场耦合的问题。本文采用有限体积法和有限元法,对包层中流体传热性能和流道插件的结构安全性能进行计算,其中详细分析一种典型工况下流道插件的应力状态;同时,对具有不同热导率的流道插件进行计算,得出其对包层结构的影响。计算结果说明流道插件厚度方向以及面内方向的压应力均比较安全,而较危险的则为极向面内拉应力和棱边的剪切破坏。采用具有较低热导率的流道插件时,可以使出口金属流体的平均温度提高,从而提高热效率,同时降低第一壁的最高温度,从而保证其结构安全,但流道插件内部的温度梯度会增加,结构热应力也更高。     

熔岩管冷却过程中的热应力计算

除本身造成的直接灾害外,火山喷发的基性熔岩流动过程中经常会形成熔岩管.由于地下空洞的存在,熔岩管附近区域的地表稳定性会降低,容易发生坍塌,造成次生灾害。月球和火星上发现的熔岩管是未来外星探测基地的最佳选择,对于熔岩管稳定性研究也具有潜在价值。本文运用有限元方法,基于熔岩管形成机制,建立熔岩管形成后温度演化过程和相应的位移和热应力状况.通过分析熔岩管附近主应力的演化过程,考察不同物理参数(熔岩管的大小、深度、形状)对于熔岩管稳定性的影响。