非参数项目反应理论模型及其在教育考试中的应用

非参数项目反应理论模型包括单调均匀性模型和双单调模型。用单调均匀性模型对某英语听力考试结果研究发现,按照顺序选择法,可从16道听力试题中选出11道满足要求的试题,组成单维量表。用考生在这11道试题上的总得分对考生进行排序与按照潜质排序等效。利用双单调模型对11道听力试题组成的单维量表进行试题功能偏差研究发现,有5道试题在女生子群体中的排序与在男生子群体以及整个群体排序不同,显示女生子群体作出正确应答的概率明显高于男生子群体作出正确应答的概率。这种差异至少部分是由两个子群体听力能力上的差异引起的。     

关于二元函数可微条件的再探讨

给出了较弱条件下的二元函数可微的一个新定理及其证明.     

Inter-subject comparability of examination standards in GCSE and GCE in England

Results from Rasch analysis of GCSE and GCE A level data over a period of four years suggest that the standards of examinations in different subjects are not consistent in terms of the levels of the latent trait specified in the Rasch model required to achieve the same grades. Variability in statistical standards between subjects exists at both individual grade level and the overall subject level. Findings from this study are generally consistent with those from previous studies using similar statistical models. It has been demonstrated that the alignment of statistical standards between subjects based on the Rasch model would likely result in substantial change in performance standards of the examinations for some subjects evidenced here by significant changes in grade boundary scores and grade outcomes. It is argued that the defined purposes of GCSE and A level qualifications determine how their results should be interpreted and reported and that the existing grading and results reporting procedures are appropriate for supporting these purposes.     

偏微分方程在图像处理中的应用

低级的图像处理一直是制约计算机视觉发展的重要因素。由于涉及的数学理论很浅,经典的图像处理一直采用简单的启发式方法,虽偶能产生立竿见影的效果,但却有着致命的缺陷:我们不知道为什么、什么情况下该算法能奏效,而什么时候、为什么它又会失灵。近年来研究表明,偏微分方程(PDE)理论可为图像处理提供统一的理论框架,已在多个图像处理领域取得经典算法无法比拟的效果。文章首先介绍了基于PDE的图像处理方法的发展历程及相关理论背景,重点分析了其在图像恢复领域中的应用。     

对大学生成长小环境道德建设的探究与思考

社会主义荣辱观是马克思主义道德观的新发展,加强对大学生社会主义荣辱观教育不仅应当重视社会大环境建设,也要对大学生成长小环境道德建设问题进行探究与思考。小环境中如班级、宿舍、社团的道德文化尚存在一系列问题,解决这些问题需要高度重视,并以加强制度建设为核心。     

Modeling Partial Knowledge on Multiple‐Choice Items Using Elimination Testing

Single‐best answers to multiple‐choice items are commonly dichotomized into correct and incorrect responses, and modeled using either a dichotomous item response theory (IRT) model or a polytomous one if differences among all response options are to be retained. The current study presents an alternative IRT‐based modeling approach to multiple‐choice items administered with the procedure of elimination testing, which asks test‐takers to eliminate all the response options they consider to be incorrect. The partial credit model is derived for the obtained responses. By extracting more information pertaining to test‐takers’ partial knowledge on the items, the proposed approach has the advantage of providing more accurate estimation of the latent ability. In addition, it may shed some light on the possible answering processes of test‐takers on the items. As an illustration, the proposed approach is applied to a classroom examination of an undergraduate course in engineering science.     

论片面共同正犯

片面共同正犯是否成立,历来有肯定说和否定说之争.二者分别站在行为共同说和犯罪共同说的理论之上,来阐明各自的观点,均有一定的合理性,但也存在一定的片面性.本文从主客观相统一的原则、共同犯罪的刑法理论及现状等三个方面论述了片面共同正犯存在的合理性.     

我国股票指数收益的正态性分析

金融市场的风险管理、回报率的预测以及绩效的评估通常要涉及到变量的分布问题,因为正态分布拥有特殊的数字特征,一般假设金融资产时间序列数据服从于正态分布。但是国外大多数的研究表明正态分布不符合实际的情况。本文根据我国上海股票交易所的综合指数和深圳交易所的成分指数的数据,使用三种不同的检验方法,在不同的交收制度下分别对它们的日收益率、周收益率和月收益率做正态性检验。结果表明,两种指数的日收益率和周收益率不服从正态分布,而月收益率在一定的阶段表现出正态特性。     

An Exploratory Analysis of a Subjective Well-Being Model for Chinese University Students

College students experience great stress due to many factors, such as an uncertain future, academic responsibilities, and pressures imposed by social communication. Many institutions of higher education are focusing on how to mediate stressful situations and increase the subjective well-being (SWB) of students to sustain a lifestyle focused on wellness. The online survey used for this study focused on testing an exploratory SWB model by implementing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques. The participants were 470 college-aged students enrolled in seven different institutions in six cities across China. Findings yielded a good model fit (the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual [SRMR] = .054) with the validity of manifest variables, reliability of the latent variables (LVs), and overall SWB model indicating moderate predictiveness (GoF R2 = .476) by the LVs. Additionally, all of the direct path coefficients and indirect path coefficients that consisted of four partial mediators and one full mediator yielded statistically significant results via bootstrapping. Furthermore, path coefficients for utilization of emotion to life satisfaction for the cognitive exercise group were significantly higher than for the non-cognitive exercise group. The findings illustrated a good model fit for an exploratory SWB model that can predict an individual’s SWB, and cognitive and non-cognitive exercises had different effects on the individuals’ SWB.     

大系统的部分联结一致渐近稳定性及指数稳定性

基于子系统间某些关联可能是固定的情况,本文讨论了大系统的部分联结稳定性,并且利用向量李雅普诺夫函数法研究了大系统的部分联结一致渐近稳定性及指数稳定性,推广了大系统关联稳定性的相关结论。