‘Start treating me like a Dad!’ The impact of parental involvement in education on the paternal identity of fathers in the English prison system

Notwithstanding the increasing number of UK and international studies focused on parental involvement in education and parental imprisonment there remains little focus upon the involvement of imprisoned fathers in children’s education and the impact of this upon paternal identity. Despite the now accepted perspective that parental imprisonment often impacts negatively on family functioning, child outcomes and parental identity, this qualitative study is distinctive in drawing on the discourse of parental involvement in education, using the lens of identity theory to examine the experiences of 15 imprisoned fathers regarding their involvement in their children’s education and their parenting possible selves as educators. Participants demonstrated limited identity standards in relation to education and sometimes a reduced commitment as a result of this. All offered a vision of their possible selves as educators if contextual barriers were addressed. Possible implications are suggested.     

Does parental homework involvement mediate the relationship between family background and educational outcomes?

This research examines whether parental homework involvement mediates the relationship between family background and educational outcomes such as academic achievement and academic self-concept. Data from two studies in which grade 8 students (N = 1274 and N = 1911) described their parents’ involvement in the homework process were reanalyzed via structural equation modeling. Perceived parental homework interference and perceived homework-related conflict were negatively related to students’ academic development, whereas perceived parental support and perceived parental competence to help with homework were positively related to academic outcomes. Although there were small associations between some aspects of parental homework involvement and family background variables, parental homework involvement did not mediate the relationship between family background and educational outcomes. Findings highlight the need for differentiated conceptualizations of parental homework involvement as well as detailed analyses of the processes underlying the association between family background and educational outcomes.     

任务型语言教学的重要变量:任务与教师介入

在20多年的教学实践中,任务型语言教学展现了很高的应用价值和独特的魅力,受到各国语言教师的普遍欢迎。然而由于多方面的原因,我国中学外语教师在实施任务型教学时存在理解、应用等方面的诸多误区。为了切实增强这一教学模式的效果,笔者根据任务型语言教学的最新进展,从理论和实践的角度,着重探讨这一教学模式中两个常被忽略的重要变量:任务和教师介入,以厘清一些概念问题,明晰操作路径并提供方法论指导。     

Community interaction and child maltreatment

The way in which parents interact with their environment may have implications for their likelihood of abuse and neglect. This study examines the parent–environment relationship through community involvement and perception, using social disorganization theory. We hypothesize mothers who participate in their communities and have positive perceptions of them may be less likely to maltreat their children because of the potential protective capacity of neighborhood supports. Using information from the 5 year Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2991), the mother's self-reported acts of psychological and physical maltreatment and neglect are measured. A mother's community involvement index is the number of community activities a mother was involved in, and community perception is measured by two five-item Likert scales assessing perception of community collective efficacy. We analyze the relationship between community variables and each of mother's maltreatment behaviors as well as the interaction between community factors using a series of nested logistic regressions. Higher levels of community involvement are associated with lower levels of psychological aggression. More positive perception of community social control is associated with lower levels of physical assault. A moderation effect of community perception suggests that a mother's perception of her community changes the relationship between community involvement and psychological child abuse. The results provide important policy and empirical implications to build positive and supportive communities as a protective factor in child maltreatment. Getting parents involved in their communities can improve the environment in which children and families develop, and decrease the likelihood that maltreatment will occur.     

人种学研究方法的认识论基础

在社会科学的研究中,人种学的研究方法具有明显的认识论优势.这里所说的认识论是指对人类实际认识过程的描述与分析.人种学研究收集数据的主要手段是参与式观察和非结构性访谈,遵循的是归纳逻辑,坚持研究者对所研究的现象不推测、不干涉的原则,保证了研究现象的原初状态;同时,人种学研究强调研究者的在场和参与,这种田野研究也保证了研究结果更符合生活世界的真相.     

Perceived severity of school bullying in elementary schools based on participants’ roles

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived severity of school bullying among participants with different roles (victims, bullies, bullies/victims and non-involved individuals) and to determine whether interactions between type of bullying and participant roles exist. Two Olweus-like global items and a revised School Bullying Severity Scale for elementary students were used in this study. A total of 1816 valid surveys completed by students in grades 5 and 6 (mean age = 11.5, SD = .84) were collected. Data were analysed using a mixed-model two-way ANOVA. The results revealed a significant main effect of type of bullying. Physical and verbal bullying were perceived as more severe than relational and cyberbullying. A significant two-way interaction between bullying category and participant role was also identified. Bullies did not perceive the four types of victimisation behaviours differently, whereas victims and bullies/victims both rated physical victimisation as most severe and cyber-victimisation as least severe. However, effect sizes were small. Implications for bullying prevention and intervention are discussed.     

旅游社区伦理冲突的思考

本文引入了旅游社区的概念,分析了旅游社区的特点,并且在考虑到这些特点的前提下,研究了旅游社区在旅游开发的过程中可能遇到的伦理冲突,并提出了相应的解决途径。     

Minority parental involvement and school barriers: Moving the focus away from deficiencies of parents

There has been an alarming imbalance in recent research on minority parental involvement because it has focused on parents’ variables to identify groups for effective interventions without searching for broader contextual variables. This literature review provides available research findings on the school barriers that prevent minority parents’ participation in their children's school in the United States. The following school barriers were identified: (a) teachers’ perception about the efficacy of minority parents, (b) teachers’ perception concerning the capacity of minority parents, (c) teachers’ beliefs in the effectiveness of parental involvement and developmental philosophy, (d) teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching effectiveness, (e) school friendliness and positive communication, (f) diversity of parental involvement programs, (g) school policies, and (h) school leadership. Increased understanding about the nature of minority parental involvement in their children's school will lead to a more collaborative home–school partnership and ensure the long-term success of parental involvement.     

“企业全程介入”工学结合人才培养模式研究与实践

目前高职教育已经成为中国经济和社会发展的重要推动力量。随着"校企合作,工学结合"高职人才培养模式改革的不断深化,通过对高职院校"企业全程介入"的培养模式进行探索与实践,实现学校、企业与学生"三方共赢",为中国高职工学结合的办学思路提供更丰富的内涵。     

我国听证召集程序现实状况与问题优化

听证制度的建立与发展是我国政治体制改革进程中一颗闪亮的明珠。我国的听证制度发展历程短,在听证召集条件、听证参与人的选择和听证宣传上存在一定的漏洞。听证边界的扩展、听证当事人的理性选择、听证召集条件的监督是完善听证召集程序的必要条件。