新形势下高校学生资助工作的探索

YANG Langping(Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000)     

主持群:节目主持新现象研究

广播电视节目使用多名主持人即主持群的现象越来越多,主持群的使用有其积极效果,但莱些相关问题也需要引起重视.     

试析对口支援西部高校的微观效应与双赢机制

综合运用高等教育学、经济学和管理学的相关理论和方法,对＂对口支援西部高校计划＂的四大微观效应进行深入分析,同时还对建立高校间对口支援双赢机制进行了初步探索,以期为对口支援西部高校工作的持续科学发展提供理论支撑。     

高校贫困生心理资助体系的构建

我国的高校贫困生资助体系为贫困大学生顺利完成学业提供保障,但这一体系中对贫困生的心理资助方面出现缺失,成立专门的高校贫困生心理资助机构、完善高校贫困生认定机制、建立全方位的贫困生心理教育与咨询体系、开展贫困生的诚信教育与感恩教育和提高贫困生的心理自助能力都应包含在心理资助体系中。     

爱的烦恼：第一代大学生代内教育帮扶的影响及其机制

代际教育支持和代内教育帮扶均是家庭形塑个体教育轨迹的有效途径,但后者常被忽视。第一代大学生代内教育帮扶超越父代教育支持的局限性,激活上大学兄姐的独特优势,使同代家庭成员获益。本研究将第一代大学生代内教育帮扶的影响置于家庭本位的传统文化与个体本位的现代文化相碰撞的中国情境下进行考察,结果发现,第一代大学生代内教育帮扶在发挥拓宽弟妹向上流动渠道、减轻父母教育负担、促进自我提升的教育代理补偿的积极效应之时,也衍生出非预期后果,致使弟妹形成路径依赖心理,父母转嫁责任成为甩手掌柜,其自身负荷过重而发展受阻。这折射出家庭内部缺乏有效协作,教育帮扶合力尚弱,第一代大学生因过度教育帮扶陷入爱的烦恼。第一代大学生代内教育帮扶是促进教育公平在微观层面实现的必要行动,其中夹杂着父母无法给予子女增益的文化资本之无奈,也暗含着仅有的“先改写者”补偿文化资本之可能。然而,在发挥其积极功能时,也要减少其衍生的非预期后果,规避不利影响。     

What do prospective students look for in higher degrees by research? A scale development study

ABSTRACT

This empirical investigation was aimed at conceptualizing, developing and validating a scale for the measurement of the quality of higher degrees by research (HDR-QUAL). For that purpose, this study specifically measured perceptions of higher degrees by research (HDR) students about the constituents of HDR quality in Pakistani tertiary education institutions. Following the 7-step process of scale development, three studies were conducted in order to develop an initial pool of scale items, establishing proposed scale validity and reliability, and assessing nomological behavior of the proposed scale. The principal component analysis with Varimax rotation method resulted in a 3-factor solution, subsequently proposing a 15-item scale. The model fit indices of measurement and the higher-order model indicated a satisfactory fit to data. Finally, the resultant three factors, i.e. financial assistance, supervisory expertise, and infrastructural support, converged into a unidimensional HDR-QUAL scale that was found positively associated with student satisfaction, thus, confirming nomological validity as well. Important policy measures and directions for future research are proposed at the end.     

Fathers’ perpetration of intimate partner violence and parenting during early childhood: Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

BackgroundExperiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization negatively impact maternal parenting. However, little is known about the association between fathers’ perpetration of IPV and paternal parenting.ObjectiveTo examine associations between fathers’ IPV perpetration against the child’s mother and fathers’ stimulation and spanking practices with their young child.Participants and SettingWe used two waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study in the United States. The analytic sample comprised of 2,257 biological fathers who had been in a romantic relationship with the child’s mother.MethodsFathers’ IPV perpetration at year 1 and 3 was measured based on maternal report. Fathers were categorized into: never perpetrators (no IPV at either year), persisters (IPV at both years), desisters (IPV at year 1 only), and emergers (IPV at year 3 only). Fathers’ parenting at year 3 was measured based on self-reported stimulation (e.g., reading books, playing games, telling stories) and spanking.ResultsApproximately one-third of fathers never perpetrated IPV, 35.8% were persisters, 14.4% were desisters, and 16.9% were emergers. For stimulation, persisters (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.06) and emergers (β=-0.25, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.14), but not desisters (β=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.11), were less engaged in stimulation than fathers who never perpetrated IPV. However, for spanking, there were no differences in the associations by father IPV profiles.ConclusionsFindings suggest that fathers’ perpetration of IPV is related to their stimulation practices. Partner-abusive men and their children may benefit from parenting programs that promote engagement in stimulation and improve the quality of parent-child relationships.     

Ethical Perspectives on Body Donation Following Physician-Assisted Death

The increasing availability of physician-assisted death (PAD) has opened up a novel means of making donated bodies available for anatomical dissection. This practice has come to the fore in Canada, but is unlikely to be confined to that country as legislation changes in other countries. The ethical considerations raised by this development are placed within the framework of the ethical guidelines on body donation promulgated by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. The discussion centers on understanding the ethical dimensions of moral complicity, and whether it is accepted or rejected. If rejected it is possible to separate ethical concerns regarding PAD from subsequent use of donated bodies, as long as there is fully informed consent and complete ethical and procedural separation of the two. Openness about the origin of bodies for dissection is essential. Students should be instructed on the nuances of moral complicity, and consideration be given to those with moral doubts about PAD. Two issues are raised in considering whether these moves represent an ethical slippery slope: the attraction represented by obtaining relatively “high quality” bodies, and the manner in which organ donation following PAD has led to challenges to the dead donor rule. Although body donation raises fewer concerns, the ethical dimensions of the two are similar. The ethical constraints outlined here have the capacity to prevent an ethical slippery slope and constitute a sound basis for addressing an innovative opportunity for anatomists.     

联盟伙伴特征、可置信承诺与战略联盟的稳定性

战略联盟稳定性机理的研究对于促进战略联盟的发展演化具有重要意义。以我国轿车工业中竞争性战略联盟为实证研究对象,分析和校验了联盟伙伴特征、可置信承诺对战略联盟稳定性的作用路径和影响效应。研究表明,资产互补性、经营实力匹配度和目标兼容性等联盟伙伴特征维度对于联盟伙伴的可置信承诺行为具有显著的影响作用,而对于战略联盟稳定性的直接效应不明显;对战略联盟稳定性产生显著影响的是,以关系性资产投入数量和质量来测度的联盟伙伴可置信承诺行为,联盟伙伴特征通过可置信承诺对战略联盟稳定性产生间接影响。     

中学生考前心理辅导实验研究

目的：考察考前心理辅导方案对考虑焦虑、复习效率和学习成绩的辅导效果,以及通过集体心理辅导和个别心理干预对学生的学习成绩有多大的提高。研究方法：采用斯皮乐伯格的“测验焦虑调查表”（TAI）（上海师大叶仁敏修订版）,对98年高三毕业班的学生进行测试。根据测出的考虑焦虑程度分为低焦虑组和高焦虑组,分别对其进行考前心理辅导,并与对照组比较。结果：高焦虑会影响学生的考虑成绩,低焦虑有利于成绩上升。无论是高焦虑组还是低焦虑组受辅导后学生的学习成绩都呈上升趋势,而高焦虑上升幅度较大,尤其是经个别心理干预后效果更明显。结论：老前心理辅导确实有利于改善高焦虑考生的心态,提高考试成绩。表明,此方案在中学是行之有效的,也是势在必行的。