1946-1949年顾维钧任驻美大使期间争取美援活动述评

1946-1949年,顾维钧在担任中国驻美大使期间,竭力争取美国援助,为蒋介石发动的内战服务。但他的个人努力终究不能挽回蒋家王朝灭亡的命运,可以说是他个人的历史悲剧。     

Do family order and neighbor intervention against intimate partner violence protect children from abuse? Findings from Kathmandu

Drawing on previous research on intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and informal social control, we hypothesized relationships between child abuse severity and (1) protective informal social control of intimate partner violence (ISC_IPV) by neighbors, (2) intimate terrorism, (3) family order, and (4) the power of mothers in intimate relationships. In what we believe may be a first study of physical child abuse by parents in Nepal, we used a three stage cluster approach to draw a random sample of 300 families in Kathmandu. Random effects regression models were used to test the study hypotheses. The analyses found support for hypotheses one and two, but with an important caveat. Although observed (actual) protective ISC_IPV had the hypothesized negative association with child abuse severity, in one of our models perceived protective ISC_IPV was positively associated with child abuse severity. The models clarify that the overall direction of protective ISC_IPV appears to be negative (protective), but the positive finding is important to consider for both research and practice. A significant relationship between family order and child abuse severity was found, but the direction was negative rather than positive as in hypothesis three. Implications for neighborhood research and typological research on IPV and child maltreatment are discussed.     

中国女性参与休闲体育的限制因素分析

中国女性休闲时间增多、休闲体育意识增强以及休闲活动内容多样化趋势,为女性休闲体育的发展创造了条件.但由于受社会经济发展和历史文化因素的影响,中国女性休闲体育的发展仍然处于相对落后的状态.通过对女性休闲体育影响因素的分析,结合中国女性休闲体育的实际,提出了应加强女性自我观念更新、性别角色转变;加大宣传力度和管理力度;同时应多渠道筹集经费,增加体育资金投入和场馆设备建设等具体策略.     

Verbal abuse during pregnancy increases frequency of newborn hearing screening referral: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

BackgroundVerbal abuse during pregnancy has a greater impact than physical and sexual violence on the incidence of postnatal depression and maternal abuse behavior towards their children. In addition, exposure of children (aged 12 months to adolescence) to verbal abuse from their parents exerts an adverse impact to the children’s auditory function. However, the effect of verbal abuse during pregnancy on fetal auditory function has not yet been thoroughly investigated.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the relationship between intimate partner verbal abuse during pregnancy and newborn hearing screening (NHS) referral, which indicates immature or impaired auditory function.Participants and settingThe Japan Environment and Children’s Study is an ongoing nationwide population-based birth-cohort study designed to determine environmental factors during and after pregnancy that affect the development, health, or wellbeing of children. Pregnant women living in 15 areas of Japan were recruited between January 2011 and March 2014.MethodsMultiple imputation for missing data was performed, followed by multiple logistic regression using 16 confounding variables.ResultsOf 104,102 records in the dataset, 79,985 mother–infant pairs submitted complete data for questions related to verbal and physical abuse and the results of NHS. Of 79,985 pregnant women, 10,786 (13.5%) experienced verbal abuse and 978 (1.2%) experienced physical abuse. Of 79,985 newborns, 787 (0.98%) received a NHS referral. Verbal abuse was significantly associated with NHS referral (adjusted odds ratio: 1.44; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.98).ConclusionsVerbal abuse should be avoided during pregnancy to preserve the newborn’s auditory function.     

Maternal experiences of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence: Psychopathology and functional impairment in clinical children and adolescents

Objectives

The current study examined the independent effects of mothers’ childhood abuse (CA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) on psychopathology and functional impairment in children; and the potential moderating and mediating role of individual and family factors in these relationships. Additionally, this study explored the potential cumulative effects of both maternal CA and IPV on children's outcomes.

Method

The sample included 547 Spanish children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years, and their parents, who had accessed mental health services. The assessment was based on structured interviews with the children and their parents. Statistical analyses were carried out through hierarchical multiple, negative-binomial and logistic regressions, and Structural Equation Models.

Results

Children whose mothers experienced CA and those whose mothers suffered physical IPV showed increased DSM-IV disruptive disorders and externalizing behavior problems, respectively. Children who directly observed physical IPV and also suffered physical punishment by parents showed increased internalizing problems. IPV had effects, either direct or indirect by physical punishment, on children's externalizing problems. Cumulative effect analyses indicated that the prevalence of disruptive disorders was highest in children whose mothers had suffered both CA and IPV.

Conclusion

Spanish children whose mothers have suffered CA, IPV or both, are at high risk of serious conduct problems, whereas children exposed to IPV and who were also physically abused are at greater risk of internalizing problems. Physical punishment of children contributes in part to explain externalizing problems of IPV-exposed children. These findings indicate potential targets of assessment and intervention for families seeking help in mental health services.     

海峡两岸反洗钱刑事司法协助问题研究

海峡两岸所签订的《海峡两岸共同打击犯罪及司法互助协议》,大大扩大了海峡两岸进行刑事司法协助的范围,也表明海峡两岸刑事司法协助的法律机制已经初步建立。但是,从合作反洗钱的具体视角来分析,海峡两岸在刑事司法协助机制方面还存在很多缺憾。对此,需要考虑从大陆刑事管辖规定、刑事司法协助制度和洗钱犯罪规定三个方面予以完善,调整大陆反洗钱的刑事法制度,完善海峡两岸反洗钱刑事司法协助机制。     

社会救助与脱贫分化——基于京石低保家庭的调查研究

城市低保家庭大都具有一种或多种突出的致贫原因,体现出城市居民面临的各种社会风险。不同的社会风险对不同的家庭造成的破坏度各异,脱贫时间呈现较大差异。低保家庭最终能否脱贫,关键在于现有社会政策是否与其所造成的缺失相匹配。此分析对评估我国社会救助的效果具有借鉴意义。     

基于SAO分析的R&D合作伙伴识别研究

随着技术创新知识复杂性的不断增加和产品生命周期的不断缩短,企业需要拓宽知识基础来应对环境的快速变化,需要从外部寻求合作机会来改善企业内部创新过程或提升现有研发能力,因此,如何识别和选择合适的合作伙伴便成为企业的重点关注。本文提出了基于SAO分析的RD合作伙伴识别方法,该方法通过提取文献标题及摘要中的SAO结构,绘制涵盖材料、技术与组件,以及目标等三个维度的SAO结构图,通过挖掘具有相似研发目标的机构,分析其互相合作的可能性及可能的合作方向,并以染敏太阳能电池技术(DSSCs)为案例开展研究,证实了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

多校区大学学生心理危机特征分析与干预机制研究

通过对多校区大学学生心理危机特征的分析,提出了以预防性干预为主的多校区心理危机预防机制,通过建构多校区大学学生心理危机预警和干预系统,全面、有效地预防和干预学生心理危机的发生,促进学生心理健康的发展。     

综合性大学师范生实习支教教学质量保障对策研究——以石河子大学为例

教育实习是教师教育过程中的重要环节,教育实习的质量决定人才培养的质量。然而,由于部分高校实习支教准备不充分,师范生还未能掌握授课的基本方法和技巧,师生沟通困难等原因,使得师范生实习支教的教学质量难以保证。本文通过对石河子大学师范生实习支教教学现状的调查,分析实习支教教学中存在的问题,提出保障实习支教教学质量的对策建议。