我国现行医疗救助存在的问题与改进对策——基于公共政策视角的分析

医疗救助是政府针对那些遭受疾病折磨且生活陷入困境的特殊社会公众提供的一种公共服务,医疗救助的现实运作体现为政府在医疗卫生领域和社会救助领域制定和实施的公共政策行为,因此理应符合公共政策运行的基本价值和规范。但目前,医疗救助在政策内容体系、政策对象、政策实施效果、政策资源保障等方面存在诸多问题,需通过政策设计来改进该项政策的质量和整体效果。     

自学考试30年社会助学的演进与启示

为纪念自学考试创立30年,作者回顾了社会助学的产生与演进,总结出一些规律性的认识：社会助学的演进始终围绕建立一个科学的有自学考试特色的助学服务体系而进行;社会需求的变化始终是高等教育自学考试社会助学的导向和推动力;自学考试助学最有活力的部分是社会力量办学,她是再发展的可靠同盟军。     

Enhancing the link between higher education and employment

This study aims to improve the efficiency of fiscal assistance programs for higher education by investigating those variables that influence college graduates’ employment rates. An empirical analysis of 2010–2011 higher education statistics shows that two variables – educational expenditure per student and the number of students per full-time faculty member – consistently and significantly affect college graduates’ employment rates, even after location and type of school are controlled. Although scholarship rates also affect employment rates positively, the number of students per industry–academe liaison officer does not have a statistically significant effect. Moreover, as educational expenditure per student or the student/faculty ratio increases beyond a certain level, graduate employment improves at an increasing rate. The two variables also affect the employment rate interactively. At a relatively higher level of per-student expenditure, employment rates increase even as the student/faculty ratio rises. However, at a relatively lower level of per-student expenditure, employment rates decline as the student/faculty ratio rises.The policy implication is that fiscal assistance programs for higher educational institutions should accord a much greater weight to these key variables when selecting and assessing institutional recipients.     

安徽省公办新建本科高校学生资助体系存在的问题及对策

因历史和现实原因,安徽省公办新建本科高校在筹集社会资金能力、贫困生助学、以及对贫困学生隐私保护方面存在系列问题,都亟待进一步完善。文章结合我国资助实际情况,提出政府在政策上予以倾斜;学校优化自身资助资金,积极开拓校外岗位;国家进一步完善统一的学生资助系统;学校提升贫困学生隐私保护意识等对策,以帮助政府进一步完善高校学生资助体系。     

A mixed-methods evaluation of the experience of emerging young adult care partners

There is limited literature on emerging young adult (EYA) care partners, despite a recent rise in interest in this group. The purpose of this study is to compare EYA care partners and their non-care partner peers in the domains of academic achievement and engagement, employment, health-related behaviors and self-care, and mental health and respite, as well as to assess EYA care partners’ burden and potential for positive psychosocial sequelae and life changes as a result of their role. Further, within EYA care partners, we examine the relationship between mental health variables and care partner-relevant variables. Two hundred undergraduates (100 care partners and 100 non-care partners) completed measures of academic achievement and engagement (grade point average and credit load), employment (number of paid positions held and number of hours worked per week), health-related behavior/self-care (visits to the dentist, primary care physician, optometrist, diet healthfulness, exercise, cigarette smoking, and drinks per week) and mental health/respite (depression, anxiety, loneliness, drinking, social support, peer pressure, vacation recency, and frequency). Care partners completed measures of spiritual well-being, burden, meaning, and benefit-finding, as well as provided qualitative feedback on how caregiving changed their lives. EYA care partners and non-care partners did not differ on any variables examined except for the number of jobs held, as EYA care partners held more paid jobs than EYA non-care partners. EYA care partners showed moderate burden and high levels of finding meaning/benefit, the latter of which was supported by the themes that emerged from their qualitative data. Within EYA care partners, we found that depression and anxiety (mental health variables) were significantly related to spiritual well-being, burden, benefit finding, and finding meaning through caregiving (care partner-relevant variables). It is encouraging that the care partner and non-care partner groups were similar in domains critical for this age group, such as academic achievement and engagement.     

复杂产品系统研发项目合作伙伴选择优化

合理选择合作伙伴是复杂产品系统研发项目的关键成功因素之一。在对伙伴选择影响因素进行总结的基础上,选取费用、时间、风险及合作伙伴间的协作关系作为主要考虑因素,建立了复杂产品系统研发项目伙伴选择的多目标整数规划模型。该模型旨在为各子项目找到整体最佳的合作伙伴组合,以实现总项目失败风险最小化和总项目费用与拖期惩罚最小化。设计了遗传算法用于求解该伙伴选择数学模型,并通过实际案例证实了该模型的实用性和算法的有效性。     

我国运动员保险发展研究

运用文献资料法和比较法,分析了我国运动员保险的发展现状。指出目前我国运动员保险存在的问题,并基于我国运动员保险制度处于转型时期的现实情况提出建议:建立运动员专项社会保险,完善社会保险体系;建立运动员保险基金,完善互助保险;加强运动员保险的强制立法;设计运动员保险产品组合,科学厘定保险费率;发展和优化体育保险中介。     

西部地区农村社会救助现状及存在问题分析——以甘肃省会宁县为例

社会救助是现代社会保障体系中最基本的项目,同时也是整个社会保障制度的基础。农村社会保障的发展和推进关系到农村经济社会的全面健康发展,也关系到农村的社会稳定。当前,我国农村社会救助制度的项目主要包括农村五保供养制度、农村最低生活保障、农村教育救助、农村医疗救助、农村灾害救助、农村住房救助、法律援助及农村扶贫开发等。通过对甘肃省会宁县农村社会救助现状的调查分析,发现农村社会救助中存在的问题并提出对策建议,以期对欠发达地区农村社会救助制度的进一步完善有所裨益。     

独立学院学生高等数学学习障碍的成因及策略探讨

随着独立学院招生规模的扩大,学生综合学习水平降低,尤其是学生在学习高等数学时存在障碍的问题更为突出。笔者通过自己在湖北经济学院法商学院近十年的教学工作经验,做了一些关于高等数学学习中障碍的成因及应对策略的初探,以求抛砖引玉,让更多经验丰富的专家学者来深入研究并解决这些问题。     

战略联盟伙伴选择、竞合关系与联盟绩效研究

20世纪80年代以来,伴随着联盟快速发展的是战略联盟的高失败率,高达50%～70%。导致联盟失败的原因有很多,但目前文献中缺乏全面系统的研究。在研究中运用了资源基础理论和竞争合作理论现有的成果,通过分析联盟伙伴的匹配性兼顾联盟伙伴自身特点和关系特点,通过对联盟伙伴选择、联盟竞合关系和联盟绩效的关系进行分析,建立了联盟伙伴匹配性、竞合关系和绩效模型,旨在为未来的研究和管理实践提供借鉴。