The (in)visibility of gender knowledge in the Physical Activity and Sport Science degree in Spain

This paper draws on research that aimed to explore the construction of gender relations in sport and physical education (PE) through a national study of Spanish university degree curricula. Spain is a useful case study through which to explore gender knowledge within sport and PE degrees, because, unlike many other countries, it has a common, national curriculum framework for its Physical Activity and Sport Science (PASS) degrees. In addition, it has recently passed a new law concerning the introduction of gender knowledge in higher education (HE). Drawing on Bernstein’s (1990) framework of the pedagogic device, this paper examines how this HE gender policy becomes recontextualised as universities and lecturers interpret and translate this into the pedagogical texts that make up the PASS curricula. Purposive sampling was used to select 16 of the 37 universities offering PASS degrees in 2012/2013. The research analysed 16 PASS documents at the degree level and 763 individual subject handbooks. Using discourse analysis, the results showed where and how gender knowledge was incorporated and the extent to which the topic was presented coherently throughout the documents. The analysis revealed five categories of the (in)visibility of gender knowledge within the universities’ instructional discourse. Gender knowledge is largely ignored in PASS curricular documentation, appearing, at best, in highly superficial ways. Despite a national policy requirement on universities to incorporate gender knowledge, this study shows how recontextualisation processes within specific universities’ pedagogic devices operate to marginalise such perspectives within PASS curricula. The research also revealed the significance of individual agents committed to gender equity being situated, and having influence, throughout the pedagogic device. The paper concludes that without a much wider, critical engagement in knowledge about gender equity, PASS degrees will continue to reproduce rather than disrupt the gender relations that have traditionally characterised the field.     

‘Students get bogged down’: how religious Israeli elementary teachers view problems and solutions in Bible teaching

Bible teachers in contemporary society confront serious problems related to the nature of the biblical text and the socio-cultural context of their teaching. This study, based on semi-structured interviews, examines the problems that five expert religious Israeli elementary school teachers encounter in their teaching and the solutions they employ. Our findings show two major domains of pedagogic issues: unfamiliar biblical linguistics and problematic content. Teachers reported student difficulties in understanding biblical Hebrew. Problematic content includes irrelevant topics, emotionally laden material, and age inappropriate issues. Linguistic solutions relied on reading comprehension techniques and use of features specific to Bible reading such as diacritical marks. Regarding content issues, teachers were motivated by faith in the sanctity of the text to find effective solutions. These include selectivity, reinterpretation using homiletic tools, a holistic understanding and contextualising the narrative. Though teachers felt ill-prepared by their pre-service training in dealing with these challenges, they demonstrated resilience in their solution-oriented pedagogy. These findings suggest attention to mentoring and professional development, and to the creation of a community of practice to support teachers’ dealing with the ongoing challenges in their teaching.     

Assessing students' disciplinary and interdisciplinary understanding of global carbon cycling

Global carbon cycling describes the movement of carbon through atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere; it lies at the heart of climate change and sustainability. To understand the global carbon cycle, students will require interdisciplinary knowledge. While standards documents in science education have long promoted interdisciplinary understanding, our current science education system is still oriented toward single‐discipline‐based learning. Furthermore, there is limited work on interdisciplinary assessment. This article presents the validated Interdisciplinary Science Assessment of Carbon Cycling (ISACC), and reports empirical results of a study of high school and undergraduate students, including an analysis of the relationship between interdisciplinary items and disciplinary items. Many‐faceted Rasch analysis produced detailed information about the relative difficulty of items and estimates of ability levels of students. One‐way ANCOVA was used to analyze differences among three grade levels: high school, college Freshman–Sophomore, college Junior–Senior, with number of science courses as a covariate. Findings indicated significantly higher levels of interdisciplinary understanding among the Freshman–Sophomore group compared to high school students. There was no statistically significant difference between Freshman–Sophomore group and Junior–Senior group. Items assessing interdisciplinary understanding were more difficult than items assessing disciplinary understanding of global carbon cycling; however, interdisciplinary and disciplinary understanding were strongly correlated. This study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary understanding in learning carbon cycling and discusses its potential impacts on science curriculum and teaching practices.     

通过培育学生的人文素质转化学困生

课堂不仅是学科知识传递的殿堂,更是人性养育的圣殿.教师要积极关注和引导学生在教学活动中的各种道德表现和道德发展.因此,学科知识增长的过程同时也是学生人格健全与发展的过程.     

审美情感的结构层次解析

本文论述了美感中情感活动的三个层次：由审美对象触发的情感及其活动;由美的认识以及各种审美心理因素的综合作用而形成的具有美感、愉悦感受的情感;与审美理想相联系的审美情趣。以及三个层次的相互联系,以探究美感中情感活动的特殊规律。     

英语阅读教学与二语目的语水平制约解析

在过去的20多年中,英语阅读研究取得了不少重要的进展,这些研究主要在语言学、应用语言学和心理学中进行。这些以“读者为中心”的研究帮助人们进一步理解阅读的本质。从读者的语言知识与能力、认知能力、元认知能力三个层面来评析阅读研究的进展是新的尝试,勾画出一名熟练的优秀阅读者的特点。在此基础上,提出“二语阅读目的语水平制约假说”,这一假说认为,母语阅读与二语阅读的一个主要差别在于二语读者的目的语发展与其认知发展和普通知识发展的不同步。这一不同步的矛盾对改进二语阅读教学有重要的启示。     

开发利用区域文化资源 推进地方高师素质教育——基于阜阳师范学院利用皖北文化资源开展教学的思考

地方高师院校的根本任务,主要是为地方及社区建设培养合格的中小学教师,而实现这一任务的基本途径是教学。阜阳师范学院在教学中充分利用皖北文化资源,解读教学内容,增进师范生对理论知识的理解,同时,师范生通过走进皖北社区,提前走进社会,提升社会适应能力等,提升了高师生素养。然而,目前高师院校与社区联系较少,利用区域文化资源较少,必须对现行的高师院校教学模式进行改革,充分利用高师所在社区文化,以提高高师教育教学质量,提升高师生的素养,为社会经济发展提供合格的师资。     

对足球"越位位置"的新认识

随着 2 0 0 2年第十七届韩日世界杯足球赛的结束 ,我们发现在对“越位位置”方面的认识还存在着一定的偏差 ,为了纠正这些认识上的误差 ,使我们的比赛更符合足球运动的发展潮流 ,现提供本文给大家参考。     

汉语分词有向图的快速生成算法

给出了一种汉语分词有向图的快速生成算法。所构造的有向图可以作为机械分词、消除歧义以及进一步分析句子的基础。