Bureaucracies in Schools—Approaches to Support Measures in Swedish Schools Seen in the Light of Skrtic’s Theories

In Sweden, policy changes for provision of special support have been introduced, implying that teachers are obliged to provide and evaluate extra adaptations in regular classrooms prior to referring pupils to special support. The policy changes raise questions about school staffs’ views of support measures and of necessary professional competence for provision of the support measures. We conducted focus group interviews with 60 school staff representatives—headmasters, general education teachers, and special educators/school welfare teams—about their understandings of the new policy. The data were analyzed qualitatively, with the objective to explore school staffs’ approaches to the policy changes. Two main “ideal type approaches” were discerned, using Skrtic’s theories, viz. the bureaucracy approach and adhocracy approach. In the light of Skrtic’s theory, professionals’ reasoning about the new policy may reflect difficulties that are encountered in the process of implementing the policy in bureaucracy-steered schools.     

基于SWOT理论视角的大学生创业支持系统研究

大学生创业支持系统是一项需要多方参与互动的系统模式。文章以SWOT为理论视角,运用系统的综合态势分析方法,剖析和梳理大学生创业内、外部的利弊因素,并加以重新匹配和组合,以建构针对性强、结构健全、特色鲜明、高效运作的大学生创业支持系统模式。     

基于SQL Server2005对XML的支持分析研究

当前主流的数据库产品都宣布了对XML的支持,微软的数据库产品是从SQL Server 2000开始支持XML的,但是SQL Server 2000对XML的支持还存在较多的局限性。在SQL Server 2005中,对XML的支持做出了许多重要的改进。该文针对SQL Server 2005对XML改进的支持特性进行了分析。     

构建江苏开放大学学习支持服务体系的思考

建设开放大学,既是江苏电大事业发展的必然选择,也是江苏高等教育事业发展的趋势。要保证江苏开放大学的教育质量,就必须健全完善的学习服务体系。在对江苏省成人高等教育学习服务体系的现状进行实证调查与深入分析的基础上,围绕开放大学的人才培养模式要求,从教学支持服务体系（教学管理体系、资源服务体系）建设和学习支持服务体系（学习支持管理体系、数字教育公共服务平台体系、学习管理制度体系）建设两大方面,提出相应的对策及措施。     

南昆士兰大学学习与教学支持服务机构运行经验及启示

澳大利亚南昆士兰大学(USQ)学习与教学支持服务机构(LTSU)在其学校的组织框架中属于学习和教学的辅助机构,但却是该校学习支持服务以及基础性支持服务方面的关键部门。该机构在其职责以及服务内容等方面的独特经验,对于建立和完善我国开放大学的学习与支持服务机构以及支持服务的内容具有很好的借鉴意义。     

院校协同:高职专科与应用型本科衔接的主体支持

高职专科与应用型本科衔接,并将应用型本科转型为高职本科,是解决目前高职专科招生难和应用型本科就业难问题的现实出路,也是我国高职教育科学发展和职业教育层次结构体系完善的方向选择。从主体维度分析,高等教育类型的横向贯通和教育层次的纵向衔接,都要落实于承担相应教育的执行主体——高职专科院校和应用型本科院校,需要两者打开传统观念的桎梏,携手合作、协同发展,并在区域高等教育系统中形成各自的生态位,从而在应对区域产业转型升级中实现各自的可持续发展。     

河南省新农村体育文化建设发展环境及动力支持研究

运用专家访谈法和问卷调查法对河南省新农村体育文化建设的发展环境及动力支持进行研究.结果表明：河南省新农村体育文化建设通过省政府和体育主管部门的领导,在乡镇文化工作站和农村社会体育指导员的指导下,向着常态化、科学化和可持续性的方向发展,并呈现出不同的地域特征.同时,中央关于农村建设的政策法规、农民的个人需求、和谐社会建设的本质需要为河南省新农村体育文化建设提供了动力支持.     

教师职业压力、社会支持和心理健康关系探析——以中小学教师为例

旨在探讨中小学教师职业压力、社会支持和心理健康间的关系,为促进中小学教师心理健康提供心理学依据.采用教师职业压力问卷、社会支持问卷和症状自评量表对625名中小学教师进行调查.结果表明:中小学教师的职业压力主要来自于工作负荷、职业期望和考试压力,在心理健康水平方面,高职业压力的教师要显著低于低职业压力的教师,高社会支持的...     

The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment,parenting support,and risk for child physical abuse

The use of corporal punishment (CP) is a strong risk factor for many poor outcomes for children including child maltreatment. The use of CP occurs within social contexts which are important to understand. Although it is known that perceived social norms regarding CP are related to its use, the specific role that a mother’s primary support person plays in influencing attitudes toward and use of CP remains unknown. The current study assessed linkages between maternal perceived social support in parenting and perceived injunctive norms of CP from her primary source of support, with maternal attitudes toward and use of CP. Survey data were collected from female primary caregivers (N = 436) of children age 2 to 7 years (mean age = 3.7) enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics in Southeastern Louisiana. Most frequently, the biological father of the child (37.9%) and the maternal grandmother of the child (24.2%) were identified as the participant’s primary source of social support in parenting. Perceived injunctive norms of this support person toward CP use were significantly and positively associated with attitudes toward, AOR = 5.97, 95% CI = [4.04, 8.82], and use of CP, AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = [2.55, 5.59]. However, perceived social support was not associated with these outcomes and also did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest that efforts to reduce maternal risk for child physical abuse and use of CP must include the mother’s primary source of social support if they are to be successful.