制度作用下大学科研人员产学合作模式选择的扎根研究

通过对大学科研人员的深入访谈,运用扎根理论的研究方法,探索性地构建了对大学科研人员产学合作模式选择产生影响的直接制度和间接制度;研究发现,直接制度在大学科研人员的产学活动中发挥的效应为零,与直接制度相比,间接制度对大学科研人员产学活动的影响更为明显。结果表明政策制定者需要进一步疏通政策的传导机制,强化政策的执行力,进而提高大学科研人员产学合作的积极性。     

论文推荐-传播模型构建及评价指标研究

为应对学术评价活动日益增多、评审成本过高、评价任务繁重等挑战,本文构建学术文献高效获取、研究成果主动推介和科研成果自动评价于一体的论文推荐-传播平台模型,运用仿真方法验证模型性能后提出利用平台用户的推荐-传播行为自动计算衡量学术论文贡献的影响指数、质量指数和价值指数的算法。基于论文推荐-传播平台开展学术评价能够共享科研人员劳动、提高科研群体效率、节省评价费用、使评价结果变得更客观。     

利用批注功能提高学术期刊审稿效率

针对同行评议的现状及学术期刊编辑缺乏专业知识的问题,提出批注式审稿的概念,并论述其在提高审稿质量、帮助编辑提高专业素养、增强学术期刊的可读性方面的优势.建议引导审稿专家采用批注式审稿方法,以提高学术期刊的整体质量.     

朋辈心理辅导在工科院校新生入学适应中的应用——以湖南工程学院为例

朋辈心理辅导是近年来在国内外高校中兴起的一种思想政治教育新模式。湖南工程学院将其应用在工科院校新生的入学适应教育中,从选拔朋辈心理辅导人才,并进行科学系统的培训;创建良好的朋辈教育氛围和环境;积极开展并创新各类朋辈心理辅导和教育活动,使其融亲和性、趣味性和教育性为一体;建立朋辈心理辅导保障机制等几个方面进行了实践探索,结果表明,朋辈心理辅导有助于提高新生的心理自助和帮助他人的能力,有效弥补了专业辅导教师数量和精力的不足,对学校专业心理辅导和教学起到了不可或缺的辅助作用。     

Developing,expressing and contesting opinions of science: encouraging the student voice

In a typical science degree, little emphasis is placed on the need for scientists to make judgements about evidence and little value is placed on the development of students' opinions about science, with the focus largely on assessment of declarative knowledge. Yet it is the ability to evaluate evidence that is crucial to the development of the student as a scientist. This study assesses the impact on students' conceptions of science of a course that aims to engage students in discussion and reflection on what scientists do and on their own learning about science. Analysis of written reflective assignments from the three years the course has been run shows that participants become more confident in their expression of opinions about science and also develop a more mature view of science and its inherent uncertainty. It appears that a critical factor enabling this development is the way the course activities are designed to explicitly value students' opinions and to provide a supportive environment in which they can be expressed and contested.     

Standing by … standing off – troublesome compassion in the relationships of school boys

This paper draws on the story of ‘Mikael’, a schoolboy from northern Finland, to examine how his affective ties of compassion and his pursuit of dominant forms of masculinity evolve in his journey from middle childhood to young adulthood. In his earlier years, Mikael's speech regarding his relationships with peers and family members indicates a non-hierarchical sympathetic orientation, enabling sensitivity to diverse vulnerabilities. Over time, his speech reflects more and more the ideals of dominating masculinity and hierarchical relationality, and it is marked by ‘inner-circle’ compassion that excludes people considered vulnerable and/or ‘Other’. The authors argue that the challenge of balancing compassionate concern, masculinity and social position generates heavy costs, imposing on young men not only the heavy burden of fulfilling the requirements of culturally esteemed masculinity, but also a partial loss of being in touch with one's inner faculties of emotions and imagination.     

The effect of peer group performance on the self-concept of reading in a foreign language

According to the big-fish-little-pond (BFLP) model, the self-concept is not only influenced in a positive way by one’s own achievement, but also in a negative way by one’s relative achievement in comparison with one’s immediate peers. This study investigates whether the BFLP effect also holds for second language acquisition. A random sample of 9167 Dutch-speaking students from Grade 8 took a reading comprehension test in French followed by a short background questionnaire in which they were asked for their self-concept of reading French. Multilevel regressions of the latter on individual and group achievement confirmed the BFLP effect but did not confirm an interaction of the effect with gender, individual achievement or class size. Moreover, in line with the local dominance hypothesis, it was shown that the negative effect of the average performance of peers is stronger for classmates than for schoolmates.     

Social capital in the classroom: a study of in-class social capital and school adjustment

Social capital is generally considered beneficial for students’ school adjustment. This paper argues that social relationships among pupils generate social capital at both the individual and the class levels, and that each has its unique effect on pupils’ performance and well-being. The sample in this study consists of 1036 children in 60 first-grade classes in 46 Dutch elementary schools. Multilevel regression results show that a substantial proportion of the variance in school adjustment can be attributed to the class level and that both individual-level and classroom-level social capital have substantial effects on school adjustment. At the individual level, the size of one’s network is more important than its structure. At the collective level, social capital also has a ‘dark side’ because it can have negative effects on adjustment, lowering the academic performance in a class.     

Ten Salient Practices of Undergraduate Research Mentors: A Review of the Literature

This paper identifies salient practices of faculty mentors of undergraduate research (UR) as indicated in the extensive literature of the past two decades on UR. The well-established benefits for students involved in UR are dependent, first and foremost, on high-quality mentoring. Mentorship is a defining feature of UR. As more and different types of colleges and universities strive to meet student demand for authentic scholarly experiences, it is imperative to identify what effective UR mentors do in order to ensure student engagement, quality enhancement, retention, and degree-completion. We offer an original analysis of the literature on UR mentoring in which we identify 10 significant “lessons learned,” or evidence-based practices of effective UR mentors that apply broadly across disciplines, students, institutions, and mentoring approaches.