A new approach to explore the knowledge transition path in the evolution of science & technology: From the biology of restriction enzymes to their application in biotechnology

In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology.     

试论“中和”文化在思想道德教育中的当代价值

传统中和文化包含了以"中"为据,以"和"为形的中而和之精神,是认识和处世立场与谐调万事万物的方法、是过程和结果的有机统一.中和文化主要体现在三个层面的相互关系中,人与自然和谐,人与他人合心,人与社会合序.这无疑也是我们构建和谐社会过程中思想道德教育之根本.     

主观幸福感对知识型员工组织认同的影响

本文研究了知识型员工主观幸福感对组织认同的影响问题,通过北京、广州、江苏等地的480份问卷测试,揭示了组织声誉、组织认同和积极情感三者的动态关系。结构方程统计结果显示,假设模型拟合指标优于其他替代模型,说明组织声誉直接影响组织认同,并且通过积极情感作为中介变量间接影响组织认同。     

支持型组织责任对员工创新行为的影响——有调节的中介效应模型检验

引入积极情绪、供给需求匹配作为中间变量,建立支持型组织责任影响员工创新行为的有调节的中介效应模型。实证研究结果显示,支持型组织责任对员工创新行为具有积极的正向影响,其效用受到供给需求匹配的调节;人际支持完全通过个体积极情绪来影响员工创新行为,组织支持对员工创新行为的影响部分受到个体积极情绪的中介;积极情绪对员工创新行为的影响受到供给需求匹配的调节,研究结论有效地解释了以往研究的分歧。     

基于因果模型的管理变革与信息技术研究

在本文的研究框架中,信息技术对企业产出的作用有两种路径,一种是直接作用路径,即信息技术直接提高了企业总产出,一种是间接作用路径,即信息技术促进了企业管理变革,管理变革又提高了企业总产出,也就是说管理变革是信息技术投资与企业总产出的中介变量。通过本文的研究,我们可以进一步了解信息技术投资是如何作用于企业总产出的,同时也指出企业应该进行相应地管理变革以最大化企业信息技术投资的收益。     

The effects of self-efficacy,hope, and engagement on the academic achievement of secondary education in the Dominican Republic

Achievement in the academic settings has long lasting positive outcomes. In this study, hope, self-efficacy, and engagement are linked to academic success. The aims of this study were to test a model which predicts academic success in the Dominican Republic while testing for the mediator role of engagement. The sample was composed of 614 middle-school students. Scales of Dispositional Hope, Academic Self-Efficacy, Academic Self-concept, and Engagement were used. Academic performance was measured with students' grades in Spanish and Mathematics. Three structural equation models were tested. The retained model stated hope and self-efficacy as antecedents, engagement dimensions as mediators and grades and academic self-concept as final outcomes. There were significant effects of hope and self-efficacy on engagement, and behavioral engagement was the best predictor of academic success. These results point out that interventions should target variables, such as hope or engagement to increase academic success.     

中介效应在我国教育与心理学的研究现状与展望

中介变量是一个重要的统计学概念和工具,由于教育与心理问题的复杂性,在相关或因果分析中,除了考虑自变量对因变量的影响外,经常还会涉及其他变量,这些变量往往是调节变量或中介变量,通过中介变量的中介作用,产生中介效应。近年来,关于中介效应的研究业已引起国内学者的重视。本文总结了国内教育与心理学领域关于中介变量的理论与应用研究相关成果,在此基础上,提出了现有研究的问题以及未来研究的展望。     

在锻炼情境下2种运动承诺结构模型的比较

为更细致地理解运动承诺和影响因素之间的关系,采用运动承诺量表对186名大学生进行了问卷调查,运用结构方程模型方法对Scanlan的运动承诺理论模型和修订后的分层模型进行了实证检验和比较分析。结果表明:1)大学生运动承诺得分较低,坚持体育锻炼的决心不强,需要加强培养;2)运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束和参与机会的确是影响运动承诺的因素,可以通过干预这几个方面来促进大学生坚持体育锻炼;3)在大学生锻炼情境中,运动承诺理论具有较好的效度,但它的前因变量应分为态度中介层和环境层,运动乐趣和参与选择是中介变量,分层后的结构模型在数据拟合和理论解释上更加合理。     

解析涉外导游的跨文化交际能力

我国出入境旅游业的蓬勃发展要求作为跨文化中介者的涉外导游具备较高的跨文化交际能力。文章在跨文化交际和文化中介的理论基础上分析影响我国涉外导游跨文化交际能力的因素,初步建立导游跨文化交际能力的分析框架,并提出一些培养涉外导游跨文化交际能力的方法。     

Power in Bayesian Mediation Analysis for Small Sample Research

Bayesian methods have the potential for increasing power in mediation analysis (Koopman, Howe, Hollenbeck, & Sin, 2015; Yuan & MacKinnon, 2009). This article compares the power of Bayesian credibility intervals for the mediated effect to the power of normal theory, distribution of the product, percentile, and bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals at N ≤ 200. Bayesian methods with diffuse priors have power comparable to the distribution of the product and bootstrap methods, and Bayesian methods with informative priors had the most power. Varying degrees of precision of prior distributions were also examined. Increased precision led to greater power only when N ≥ 100 and the effects were small, N < 60 and the effects were large, and N < 200 and the effects were medium. An empirical example from psychology illustrated a Bayesian analysis of the single mediator model from prior selection to interpreting results.