Exploring learning and fit in the transition from higher education to the labour market: A systematic review

The transition from higher education to the labour market is an important period for youngsters, characterised by extensive changes which act as triggers for learning. Furthermore, students’ educational background and the (in)congruence with their work context is important. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review is to explore the role of learning and fit in the transition process. Results indicate that most emphasis is put on theoretical knowledge, communication, problem-solving, and learning skills. Although the perception on what has to be learned differs for employers, educators, and graduates, each group valued generic competences most. Results show that transfer can be experienced in three ways and the need for learning at work is stressed. Concerning fit, four types of fit are distinguished: vertical, horizontal, competence, and person-environment fit. Several personal background characteristics are shown to influence fit and findings indicate that fit has an influence on career progress and personal resources.     

Perceived Social Support and Mental Health: Cultural Orientations as Moderators

This study investigated unique and shared effects of social support and cultural orientation on mental health indicators (depressive and anxiety symptoms, stress, and life satisfaction) of 896 college students. Results indicated that perceived social support predicted mental health variables and that cultural orientation variables (independent and interdependent self‐construal) moderated this association. Conclusions and counseling implications for university counselors are discussed on the basis of cultural orientation theory.     

The relationship between fundamental movement skill proficiency and physical self-confidence among adolescents

This study aims to assess fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, physical self-confidence levels, and the relationship between these variables and gender differences among adolescents. Three hundred and ninety five adolescents aged 13.78 years (SD = ±1.2) from 20 schools were involved in this study. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD), TGMD-2 and Victorian Skills Manual were used to assess 15 FMS. Participants’ physical self-confidence was also assessed using a valid skill-specific scale. A significant correlation was observed between FMS proficiency and physical self-confidence for females only (r = 0.305, P < 0.001). Males rated themselves as having significantly higher physical self-confidence levels than females (P = 0.001). Males scored significantly higher than females in FMS proficiency (P < 0.05), and the lowest physical self-confidence group were significantly less proficient at FMS than the medium (P < 0.001) and high physical self-confidence groups (P < 0.05). This information not only highlights those in need of assistance to develop their FMS but will also facilitate in the development of an intervention which aims to improve physical self-confidence and FMS proficiency.     

Assessing Outcomes: Practical Methods and Evidence

University counseling center clients’ (N = 52) perceptions of precounseling functioning were highly correlated with their actual well‐being scores at intake. The magnitude of change based on perceptions of precounseling functioning to current well‐being was approximately double of what is found from the difference of actual precounseling well‐being to current well‐being scores. Retrospective methods for assessing precounseling functioning are best suited for comparison among clients or counseling processes.     

国外基于任务的信息交互研究现状与进展

[目的/意义]本文旨在对国外基于任务的信息交互(Task-Based Information Interaction, TBII)的研究成果进行系统的综述,并以此为基础构建TBII的集成化研究框架。本研究有利于为今后探索TBII的研究提供理论基础。[方法/过程]基于文献调研的方法,对国外基于任务的信息交互研究的现状与进展进行了归纳总结。[结果/结论]研究发现国外学者对于该主题的研究涉及TBII基本概念、TBII阶段的划分、TBII子活动的影响因素和TBII活动完成的影响因素四个主题。研究构建的TBII集成化研究框架将以上四个主题按照一定的逻辑关系进行整合。该框架的功能如下:第一,可以揭示TBII各活动阶段的交互关系;第二,可以识别出用户、任务、TBII活动阶段、信息系统及任务产出、效果、绩效之间的关系机理;第三,提出了TBII研究的四种基本研究路径。     

网络购物环境下退货政策对消费者购买意愿的影响研究

基于中国网络购物环境,以SOR理论为基础,研究网络退货政策各维度对消费者购买意愿的影响机理.研究结果表明:网络退货政策的三个构成维度,退货时限、退货操作和退货费用是通过影响感知质量和感知风险来进一步影响消费者购买意愿的.三者对消费者购买意愿的影响程度从大到小依次排列为退货操作、退货费用和退货时限.     

组织霸凌的呈现形式及其差异性分析--基于员工感知的调查

在对411名企业员工一对一访谈调查的基础上,基于因子分析以及单因素方差分析方法,探讨了员工感知到的组织霸凌伤害状况,分析了其在人口统计变量和组织／工作变量上的差异性。结果表明：组织霸凌的呈现形式主要包括领导公开霸凌、领导隐性霸凌、同事霸凌、组织歧视霸凌、工作分配霸凌5个维度;员工感知到的组织霸凌在人口统计变量与组织／工作变量上有显著差异。其中,受领导隐性霸凌伤害水平比较高的员工主要集中分布在已婚、低学历、组织规模比较小、工作年限为4至10年的群体中;感知到工作分配霸凌伤害水平比较高的主要为成长阶段企业中的已婚员工。     

Evaluating Assistive Technology in Early Childhood Education: The Use of a Concurrent Time Series Probe Approach

As assistive technology applications are increasingly implemented in early childhood settings for children who are at risk or who have disabilities, it is critical that teachers utilize observational approaches to determine whether targeted assistive technology-supported interventions make a difference in children’s learning. One structured strategy that employs observations and which has powerful child progress monitoring implications is the concurrent time series probe approach. Requiring multiple performance measures of a child engaged in a targeted task over time—both with and without a specific assistive technology device—the concurrent time series probe approach can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of assistive technology tools in supporting skill acquisition in the classroom. This approach is described in the context of a case study, with accompanying explanations of how to interpret data and make decisions regarding the effectiveness of the technology.     

Bases of competence: an instrument for self and institutional assessment

The Bases of Competence model provides a general framework for learner‐centred skill development and programme‐focused outcomes assessment. Based on previous research, the Bases of Competence model describes 17 skills and four base competencies important to graduates to achieve high performance in the workplace. Taking this work from research to relevant educational application as a tool for student self‐assessment and institutional outcomes assessment is the focus of this paper. Results from a multi‐year, multi‐course assessment initiative indicate that students rate themselves stronger in the foundation base competencies of Communicating and Managing Self, and weaker in more complex competencies of Managing People and Tasks and Mobilising Innovation and Change. Comparisons of skill confidence within each base competence as well as between year, student level, gender and beginning versus end of semester are presented as well. These results are discussed and suggestions made for programme design.     

‘Please remember we are not all brilliant’: undergraduates’ experiences of an elite,research‐intensive degree at a research‐intensive university

Undergraduate research experiences are being incorporated into degree programs with increasing frequency. However, there has been little study into their effectiveness in preparing students for research or into the learning gains that students realise from one or more research experiences. We surveyed science students in an elite, research‐based undergraduate degree program at a research‐intensive university. These students complete six research projects during their degree and we aimed to delineate factors that students perceive as leading to either good or bad experiences. Two factors stand out as contributing to a successful research experience: the supervisor, with students reporting both pedagogic and affective benefits of good supervision; and the feeling that they are doing authentic science. Surprisingly, given the research‐intensive nature of this degree, the learning gains students report relate to both an appreciation of what research is like and life skills, such as time management, rather than scientific thinking skills.