Adverse experiences in early childhood and their longitudinal impact on later behavioral problems of children living in poverty

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an identified risk factor for the social and emotional development of children. What is less known is the long-term effects of ACEs when poverty and ACEs coincide.ObjectiveUsing longitudinal cohort-panel data, we examined whether exposure to ACEs by the age of three among poor children would longitudinally result in behavioral problems at ages three, five, nine, and 15, after controlling for mothers’ socioeconomic status and their children’s characteristics.Participants and settingWe used a subsample of 2750 children and their parents living in urban poverty from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study.MethodsLogistic regression modeling was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of ACE categories predicting behavioral problems after accounting for family socioeconomic position.ResultsOur findings indicate that experiencing ACEs in early childhood was significantly associated with later behavioral outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Exposure to multiple ACEs before the age of three was significantly associated with the top-risk behavior group at age five; the odd ratios were 2.0 (CI = 1.3–3.1) and 2.9 (CI = 1.8–4.6) for two ACEs and three or more ACEs, respectively. At both ages nine and 15, children experiencing two or more ACEs had 1.9 to 3.2 times higher odds to demonstrate more the top 10th percentile of behavioral problems. Among covariates, mothers’ race and education, and children’s gender and temperament were identified as significant factors to determine behavior problems.ConclusionsThe findings support policies and programs for families with children who have experienced economic disadvantages and early childhood adversity.     

发达国家农村劳动力转移经验及对我国的启示

农村劳动力的转移是一国或地区现代化的必经之路.当今世界主要发达国家农村劳动力转移的基本经验是：以工业化和城市化发展为主要动力,农业现代化为基础条件,政府的政策和法律制度是影响农村劳动力转移的重要因素,加强对农民的教育培训是推动农村劳动力转移的重要举措,适合国情的转移模式是农村劳动力成功转移的关键.为此,分析了当前我国农村劳动力转移的现状和存在的问题,借鉴发达国家的经验,提出了促进我国农村劳动力转移的对策建议：选择适合国情的农村劳动力转移模式,大力促进农业现代化的发展,加快相关政策制度的改革调整,加强教育培训以增强农村劳动力的转移就业能力,通过加大城乡基础设施建设来促进农村劳动力转移,必须循序渐进,以促进我国的现代化进程.     

加拿大安大略省教学轨教职的发展现状、评价标准及现实启示

近年来,在学生规模扩大、教育问责强化、财政资助缩减等压力之下,加拿大安大略省将引入教学轨教职作为提高教育质量的重要改革举措。与传统的终身轨教师相比,教学轨教师主要从事教学和学习活动,与兼职或临时讲师相比,教学轨教师对教学和学生的投入更多,与学校的聘任关系更加稳定。作为与终身轨教职平行的职业发展轨道,教学轨教职的评价标准主要侧重考察教师在教学技能、教学计划与课程发展、教学领导与成就等领域的贡献。教学轨教职的引入对大学而言是一次机会,可以重新审视教学与研究之间的关系,探索教学使命和研究使命如何相互促进。在当前的教师岗位分类改革中,我国高校可从教学模式和课程体系、聘任与晋升评价体系、晋升与岗位转换通道、教学荣誉体系等方面提高教学为主型教职的认可度,促进教学为主型教师队伍的职业发展。     

西方国家建立社会保障制度时机选择对我国的启示

完善的社会保障制度是社会和谐发展的客观基础与必要条件。我国已经进入经济社会发展转型和人口转型的特殊阶段,建立普惠型社会保障制度刻不容缓。历史经验表明。西方社会保障发达国家之所以在某个关键时期选择建立或完善社会保障制度．就是因为社会保障不仅对社会发展具有积极的指引作用,还能有效地促进和推动经济健康发展。作为一个快速发展的工业化国家。我国只有建立起健全、完备的社会保障制度,来解决老百姓的各种生活后顾之忧。社会才能实现和谐,经济才能持续发展,文明才会不断进步。而当前正是推动我国建立普惠型社会保障制度的良好时机。     

试论感情语调的超常韵律特征

感情语调具有情韵特征,能传递感情信息。通过用不同模式朗读相同文本,提取感情语调和中性语调的韵律特征并测听对比发现,感情语调的音高、音长、音强等某项或多项出现超常现象。实验表明:这是读者主观体验和因情求气获得了承载感情信息的气韵,也就取得了产生超常韵律的动能;再通过朗读形成的超常韵律特征,使听者感知和读者听觉反馈的心理、生理发生变化而接收到感情信息。感情语调的超常韵律就是情韵特征,因此声象和意象均可反复。研究还发现,在感情语调语意焦点重音边界以及短语或句末声断之后,有时进入感情状态的气韵还会继续延伸,所以声断气连会起到此时无声胜有声和余韵缭绕的效应。     

安县清泉镇“三票制”公推直选乡镇党委班子的调研报告——兼与成都市新都模式和巴中市平昌模式进行比较分析

四川省安县清泉镇在近期开展的公推直选镇党委领导班子成员试点工作中,重点探索了改革传统的领导干部候选人推荐提名方式和领导干部最终人选决定方式,试点工作取得了丰富经验和初步成效。本文将此次试点的主要经验与成都市新都模式和巴中市平昌模式进行了比较和总结,同时也对存在的问题进行了具体分析,并在此基础上提出了一些自己的思考和建议。     

Preservice teachers’ learning with Yuin Country: becoming respectful teachers in Aboriginal education

The ownership of Aboriginal knowledge and the Aboriginal perspective presented in school curriculum is always with Country. A number of preservice teachers were taken to a sacred story, “Gulaga a Living Spiritual Mountain,” to participate in an elective subject to engage in respectful reciprocal relationship with Country. The spirituality of Country is unknown to many preservice teachers, consequently the concept of Country as teacher in a respectful reciprocal relationship was unfamiliar. Engaging in Aboriginal ways of knowing, learning, and behaving provides an opportunity for preservice teachers to initiate a relationship with Country to respectfully implement Aboriginal perspectives in their own teaching. This article not only examines how preservice teachers developed a relationship with Country, but also importantly demonstrates how a relationship between Country, researcher, all the participants, and the research can inform respectful behaviour in reculturalising Aboriginal perspectives.     

借鉴柯达伊教学法加强视唱教学中情感内觉体验

视唱教学可以提高学生的识谱能力,培养学生良好的乐感,使他们的音乐兴趣得以持续与发展,为他们进一步感受和学习音乐打下坚实的基础。     

广西民族地区的经济文化类型与语文课程资源开发

在语文课程实施过程中出现＂文化＂缺位,在语文课程资源中存在＂经验＂失落,这些问题的解决需要理论的指导,经济文化类型理论为问题的解决提供参考的思路和方法论基础。广西民族地区的经济文化类型属于农耕经济文化类型组,在这个类型组区分的六个类型中,广西民族地区可以区分为三个类型：山林刀耕火种型、山地耕猎型、丘陵稻作型。广西民族地区分支的这三个经济文化类型的共同特点是生产力水平不高,经济文化落后。因此,广西民族地区的语文课程开发就必须立足于本地环境资源的特点,尽量挖掘本地的经济基础能提供的物化的语文课程资源;同时发挥民族地区群体的协同作用,发挥各种潜在资源的优势,开发出有广西民族特色的、能促进民族地区经济可持续发展的语文课程资源。