艾灸对运动训练大鼠血乳酸、心钠素、皮质醇及脏器指数水平影响的实验研究

艾灸在改善心肺功能、提高免疫系统水平、增强机体物质储备方面有着独特功效。为探讨艾灸对运动训练大鼠皮质醇、心钠素、血乳酸水平及脏器指数的影响,以SD雄性大鼠为实验对象,建立跑台运动训练模型。将实验大鼠随机分组为安静对照组、训练对照组、艾灸训练组,每组各8只。测定皮质醇、心钠素、血乳酸及脏器指数水平等指标。研究结果显示,长期大强度训练引起大鼠体重显著性下降,艾灸可以抑制这一下降趋势;大强度训练可以引起血乳酸含量升高,艾灸加快了运动过程中血乳酸的清除速率;长期大强度训练引起大鼠心钠素水平显著性下降,艾灸可以抑制这一下降趋势;有效抑制了运动造成皮质醇水平的升高;抑制这种由于大强度耐力性项目造成的脏器指数变化。提示,艾灸可望作为现代高水平运动队常用的一种培补手段。     

中长跑运动员赛前训练的调控研究

运用实验法对参加全国第七届大学生运动会的江苏省大学生中长跑运动员和参加第十届全运会江苏队中长跑运动员的赛前训练期间的生理学指标进行跟踪测定、评价，对训练进行了调控。研究表明：用心率、心功能指数、尿蛋白、最大吸氧量、无氧功率、斯坦格试验与汉契试验、无氧闽等指标评定中长跑运动员赛前的机能状态有较强的实用性和针对性，但需结合项目的特点和训练实际，加强监控和调控，进行综合分析；中长跑赛前训练安排应以专项素质为主，突出速度和速度耐力的训练，速度力量在中长跑项目赛前训练要给予重视，负荷的安排是赛前训练的关键。     

高校高水平运动队教练领导行为与团队凝聚力模型构建

通过对高校高水平运动队的问卷调查,分析我国高校高水平运动队教练领导行为、训练比赛满意感与团队凝聚力之间的关系,构建教练领导行为与团队凝聚力之间的模型,为进一步推动我国高校高水平运动队的建设提供一定的参考.     

功能性训练:释义与应用

功能训练起源于康复领域,在有效性得到证实后逐步渗透到竞技体育领域,成为体能训练的重要方法。近年来,我国教练员试图将功能性训练用于竞技体育训练,遇到理论上的困惑。研究功能性训练的科学背景、概念界定和内涵、功能训练原则,理清功能性训练和传统训练,功能性训练和核心训练的关系,为我国现代体能训练方法体系科学化奠定基础。     

论运动训练学的逻辑起点与理论体系

随着相关学科的不断发展,运动训练学的内容日趋完善并在实践中起到越来越重要的作用。通过文献收集与分析、逻辑推理等方法,提出运动训练学的逻辑起点是身体训练,而当前的理论体系尚不完善,仍需不断改进。     

甘肃榆中高原训练基地体育资源评价与开发研究

采用文献资料、特尔菲、层次分析、专家访谈、实地调查等方法对甘肃榆中高原训练基地体育资源选取综合评价指标,建立了层次结构模型,并进行科学评价,进而提出甘肃榆中高原训练基地体育资源开发的主要思路和措施,为其进一步开发和利用提供依据和可行性论证.     

Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can be performed with different effort to rest time-configurations, and this can largely influence training responses. The purpose of the study was to compare the acute physiological responses of two HIIT and one moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol in young men. A randomised cross-over study with 10 men [age, 28.3?±?5.5years; weight, 77.3?±?9.3?kg; height, 1.8?±?0.1?m; peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak), 44?±?11?mL.kg^?1.min^?1]. Participants performed a cardiorespiratory test on a treadmill to assess VO₂peak, velocity associated with VO₂peak (vVO₂peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and perceived exertion (RPE). Then participants performed three protocols equated by distance: Short HIIT (29 bouts of 30s at vVO₂peak, interspersed by 30s of passive recovery, 29?min in total), Long HIIT (3 bouts of 4?min at 90% of vVO₂peak, interspersed by 3?min of recovery at 60% of vVO₂peak, 21?min in total) and MICT (21?min at 70% of vVO₂peak). The protocols were performed in a randomised order with ≥48 h between them. VO₂, HRpeak and RPE were compared. VO₂peak in Long HIIT was significantly higher than Short HIIT and MICT (43?±?11 vs 32?±?8 and 37?±?8?mL.kg^?1.min^?1, respectively, P?P?P?2, HR and RPE than Short HIIT and MICT, suggesting a higher demand on the cardiorespiratory system. Short HIIT and MICT presented similar physiologic and perceptual responses, despite Short HIIT being performed at higher velocities.     

No effect of HMB or α-HICA supplementation on training-induced changes in body composition

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium: HMB-Ca and free acid: HMB-FA) and α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) are leucine metabolites that have been proposed to improve body composition and strength when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). In this double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial, we evaluated the effects of off-the-shelf supplements: α-HICA, HMB-FA and HMB-Ca, on RET-induced changes in body composition and performance. Forty men were blocked randomized to receive α-HICA (n?=?10, fat-free mass [FFM]?=?62.0?±?7.1?kg), HMB-FA (n?=?11, FFM?=?62.7?±?10.5?kg), HMB-Ca (n?=?9, FFM?=?65.6?±?10.1?kg) or placebo (PLA; n?=?10, FFM?=?64.2?±?5.7?kg). The training protocol consisted of a whole-body resistance training routine, thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW) by whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), both at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time-dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM (p?相似文献   

我国校园足球可持续发展的若干问题研究

发展校园足球是推进我国校园体育活动的重要力量,亦是提升我国足球运动水平的必然选择。虽然在相关政策的支持下,我国校园足球发展迅速,但依然面临经费短缺、师资不足、发展不均衡、学训矛盾突出、体制机制不完善、社会认可度不高、医疗保障体系不健全等问题。指出,学校应密切联系俱乐部、企业,多渠道获取发展资源;从内部培养与外部引进两方面充实师资力量;坚持全面发展原则,妥善解决学训矛盾,提升学生综合素质;加强足球文化建设,营造良好氛围,提升足球参与者的荣誉感;强化校园足球风险防范意识,加强风险管理。旨在促进我国校园足球健康可持续发展。     

The load-velocity profile differs more between men and women than between individuals with different strength levels

This study aimed to determine the suitability of the load-velocity relationship to prescribe the relative load (%1RM) in women, as well as to compare the load-velocity profile between sexes and participants with different strength levels. The load-velocity relationship of 14 men (1RM: 1.17 ± 0.19) and 14 women (1RM: 0.66 ± 0.13) were evaluated in the bench press exercise. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear (R² range: 0.987–0.993), (II) a steeper load-velocity profile was observed in men compared to women (Effect size [ES]: 1.09), with men showing higher velocities for light loads (ES: ? 0.81 and ? 0.40 for the y-intercept and 30%1RM, respectively), but women reporting higher velocities for the heavy loads (ES: 1.14 and 1.50 at 90%1RM and 100%1RM, respectively); and (III) while the slope of the load-velocity profile was moderately steeper for weak men compared to their strong counterpart (ES: 1.02), small differences were observed between strong and weak women (ES: ? 0.39). While these results support the use of the individual load-velocity relationship to prescribe the %1RM in the bench press exercise for women, they also highlight the large disparities in their load-velocity profile compared to men.