Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon), four force plates (Kistler) and a modified mathematical human model (ALASKA) were used to compare clockwise and counter clockwise curve sprinting lower limb kinematics and kinetics of a Paralympic medalist with a left-sided knee exarticular amputation. Results reveal that vertical ground reaction force application and total vertical impulse were lower when the affected limb was at the inside of the curve. The unaffected limb showed joint mechanics different to those established for non-amputee athletes and might contribute better to propulsion when being the inside limb. Curve sprinting biomechanics and the ability to attain high radial velocities are directly dependent on the side of amputation relative to the curve direction in a unilateral amputee athlete of highest performance level.     

中压混合型模块化多电平变换器的载波移相调制策略

由于半桥子模块与全桥子模块的载波移相调制策略不同,两者混合而成的模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter, MMC)不能直接沿用原来的调制策略;在船舶中压直流电力系统中,由于变换器模块数较少,交流输出电压的波形质量相对较差。基于上述原因,通过载波相位角的合理配置,提出一种改进型载波移相调制策略。该策略不仅能够增加交流输出电压的电平数,而且不局限于某种特定的拓扑结构。通过仿真验证其有效性和通用性,验证结果显示它是一种适用于中压混合型MMC的通用调制策略。     

平行/重合D膜超势，Ooguri-Vafa不变量与类型II弦理论/F理论对偶

利用类型Ⅱ弦理论/F理论对偶,第一次在平行和重合相区计算一个具体的双D膜系统的超势,并提取Ooguri-Vafa不变量。平行D膜相与重合D膜相间的相变也对应着D膜世界叶上规范理论规范对称性的提升U（1）×…×U（1）→U（n）。计算显示这两个相区的超势截然不同,并给出不同的Ooguri-Vafa不变量。这意味着相变的发生导致两个相区能谱结构的差异。     

三峡水库蓄水后长江水系重庆段河道形态的变化特征

三峡大坝建设引起的蓄水位变化(从135m、145m到175m)必将影响到库区水环境格局,特别是河道形态.现有研究主要集中于由库区人类活动所导致的陆生生境的变化,而对空间水环境形态的变化较少注意.本文借助多时段卫星影像监测和数字高程模型模拟,对三峡水库蓄水后河道空间形态演变进行分析.结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后,河道水环境格局发生较大变化.175 m水位正常蓄水后受影响干流河段主要分布于平行岭谷低山丘陵区涪陵-云阳段,重点是忠县长江河段,长江及其支流形成增幅深切曲流.万州以下河段,干流河道主要表现为峡谷,受蓄水影响不大,而主要是长江北岸支流受到较大影响,尤以开县小江流域最为显著.将形成湖泊型水体.同时,三峡水库蓄水以后,由于蓄水水位的季节变化,将形成新的水库消落区.河道形态和蓄水体类型的改变而引起的生态环境效应值得深入研究.     

Probability Density Function Method for Observing Reconstructed Attractor Structure

Probability density function (PDF) method is proposed for analysing the structure of the reconstructed attractor in computing the correlation dimensions of RR intervals of ten normal old men. PDF contains important information about the spatial distribution of the phase points in the reconstructed attractor. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the PDF method is put forward for the analysis of the reconstructed attractor structure. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the cardiac systems of healthy old men are about 6 - 6.5 dimensional complex dynamical systems. It is found that PDF is not symmetrically distributed when time delay is small, while PDF satisfies Gaussian distribution when time delay is big enough. A cluster effect mechanism is presented to explain this phenomenon. By studying the shape of PDFs, that the roles played by time delay are more important than embedding dimension in the reconstruction is clearly indicated. Results have demonstrated that the PDF method represents a promising numerical approach for the observation of the reconstructed attractor structure and may provide more information and new diagnostic potential of the analyzed cardiac system.     

基于微分方程系统的混沌控制

针对微分方程所表征的系统,对其状态方程进行了平衡点的稳定性分析。数值模拟了该系统的混沌行为,并对该系统加入棒棒控制方法进行控制。利用数值仿真分析系统的周期行为和混沌行为。通过调整适当的控制参数,将系统的混沌行为有效地控制到稳定的周期轨道。     

一种基于混合模型的合成孔径雷达自聚焦算法

提出一种基于混合模型的合成孔径雷达自聚焦算法.本方法用有限阶泰勒多项式估计低频相位误差,用自适应正弦多项式估计高频相位误差,解决了单一模型自聚焦算法对高频相位误差估计精度低的问题,提高了图像锐度和峰值旁瓣比,减小了主瓣宽度.在研究利用相位误差参数模型进行聚焦处理的基础上,分析基于混合模型实现最优锐度自聚焦算法的可行性,并通过仿真和实测数据处理验证了本方法的有效性.     

论10～12岁少儿游泳运动员准备期耐力训练与速度训练相结合方法

如何搞好少儿游泳运动员的基础训练,特别是准备期训练是教练员们所关心的问题。试图通过研究,找出合理安排游泳运动员训练准备期的方法,为其打下良好的基础。     

The effects of attentional focus instructions on punching velocity and impact forces among trained combat athletes

Research indicates that instructing athlete’s to focus on bodily movements (internal focus of attention [IFA]) may hinder performance, whereas instructing them to focus on the movement outcome (external focus of attention [EFA]) often enhances performance. Despite the importance of instructions in striking combat sports, limited research has examined the influence of IFA and EFA on performance in well-trained combat athletes. This study investigated the effects of different instructional cues on punching velocity (m · s^?1) and normalised impact forces (N · kg^?1) among intermediate (n = 8) and expert (n = 7) competitive boxers and kickboxers. Athletes completed three rounds of 12 maximal effort punches delivered to a punching integrator on three separate days. Day one was a familiarisation session with only control instructions provided. In the following two days athletes randomly received IFA, EFA or control instructions prior to each of the three rounds. Athletes punching with EFA were 4% faster and 5% more forceful than IFA (P < 0.05), and 2% faster and 3% more forceful than control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, experts punched 11% faster and with 13% greater force compared with intermediate athletes (P < 0.05). EFA led to a positive effect on punching performance and should be favoured over IFA and control instructions.     

单源三站外辐射源雷达目标探测性能

论述全向外辐射源雷达空中目标探测系统的主要问题及系统体制损失。针对单源单站（SISO）和单源三站（SITO）两种工作方式,在接收天线阵元数相同的情况下分析探测距离和定位精度。在单源三站条件下推导直角坐标系中的目标速度矢量表达式,并分析速度测量精度。研究结果表明,在一定条件下,单源三站组网方式的空间覆盖范围与单源单站相当,且具有平面定位精度较高,可获得目标速度矢量和技术实现难度小的特点。