三峡水库蓄水后长江水系重庆段河道形态的变化特征

三峡大坝建设引起的蓄水位变化(从135m、145m到175m)必将影响到库区水环境格局,特别是河道形态.现有研究主要集中于由库区人类活动所导致的陆生生境的变化,而对空间水环境形态的变化较少注意.本文借助多时段卫星影像监测和数字高程模型模拟,对三峡水库蓄水后河道空间形态演变进行分析.结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后,河道水环境格局发生较大变化.175 m水位正常蓄水后受影响干流河段主要分布于平行岭谷低山丘陵区涪陵-云阳段,重点是忠县长江河段,长江及其支流形成增幅深切曲流.万州以下河段,干流河道主要表现为峡谷,受蓄水影响不大,而主要是长江北岸支流受到较大影响,尤以开县小江流域最为显著.将形成湖泊型水体.同时,三峡水库蓄水以后,由于蓄水水位的季节变化,将形成新的水库消落区.河道形态和蓄水体类型的改变而引起的生态环境效应值得深入研究.     

二能级系统的绝热近似条件

计算出了二能级系统在非绝热近似情形下的演化波函数,同时计算出了系统在演化一周期后的几何相位。对比绝热近似时的情形,给出一种二能级系统的绝热近似条件。     

混沌时间序列单变量和多变量重构的预测比较

提出了多变量混沌时间序列相空间延迟重构中延迟时间间隔和嵌入维数的选取方法，给出了多变量混沌时间序列的局部平均预测法，局部线性预测法和BP神经网络预测法等3种非线性预测方法．通过Lorenz系统的仿真计算表明，无论用3种非线性预测方法中的哪一种，多变量混沌时间序列要比单变量混沌时间序列的预测误差小得多，即使前的数据长度只有后的一半，前的预测误差也要小很多．另外从预测误差最小的角度验证了多变量混沌时间序列相空间延迟重构中延迟时间间隔和嵌入维数选取方法的有效性．     

Probability Density Function Method for Observing Reconstructed Attractor Structure

Probability density function (PDF) method is proposed for analysing the structure of the reconstructed attractor in computing the correlation dimensions of RR intervals of ten normal old men. PDF contains important information about the spatial distribution of the phase points in the reconstructed attractor. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the PDF method is put forward for the analysis of the reconstructed attractor structure. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the cardiac systems of healthy old men are about 6 - 6.5 dimensional complex dynamical systems. It is found that PDF is not symmetrically distributed when time delay is small, while PDF satisfies Gaussian distribution when time delay is big enough. A cluster effect mechanism is presented to explain this phenomenon. By studying the shape of PDFs, that the roles played by time delay are more important than embedding dimension in the reconstruction is clearly indicated. Results have demonstrated that the PDF method represents a promising numerical approach for the observation of the reconstructed attractor structure and may provide more information and new diagnostic potential of the analyzed cardiac system.     

基于微分方程系统的混沌控制

针对微分方程所表征的系统,对其状态方程进行了平衡点的稳定性分析。数值模拟了该系统的混沌行为,并对该系统加入棒棒控制方法进行控制。利用数值仿真分析系统的周期行为和混沌行为。通过调整适当的控制参数,将系统的混沌行为有效地控制到稳定的周期轨道。     

我国“阳光体育运动”初始阶段的现状与推进策略

在整理2008-2010年31省市区及新疆生产建设兵团上报给教育部的阳光体育运动实施经验及相关数据的基础上,梳理阳光体育运动开展以来基于实践而形成的模式,并根据《关于开展全国亿万学生阳光体育运动的通知》提炼出20个要点,从理念认识、目标达成、体质测试、加强教学、创新课外、营造氛围、组织领导等方面采取积极措施,开展各类活动,切实推进阳光体育运动。研究得知:阳光体育运动在一定程度上得到具体落实,但20个要点的达成状况参差不齐;全国各地均能达成文件的半数要点,也仅是及格以上的成绩;且呈现出要点的达成效果与评价指标的具体量化、可操作程度成反比,在此基础上,提出未来推进阳光体育运动的系列针对性策略。     

Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon), four force plates (Kistler) and a modified mathematical human model (ALASKA) were used to compare clockwise and counter clockwise curve sprinting lower limb kinematics and kinetics of a Paralympic medalist with a left-sided knee exarticular amputation. Results reveal that vertical ground reaction force application and total vertical impulse were lower when the affected limb was at the inside of the curve. The unaffected limb showed joint mechanics different to those established for non-amputee athletes and might contribute better to propulsion when being the inside limb. Curve sprinting biomechanics and the ability to attain high radial velocities are directly dependent on the side of amputation relative to the curve direction in a unilateral amputee athlete of highest performance level.     

The load-velocity profile differs more between men and women than between individuals with different strength levels

This study aimed to determine the suitability of the load-velocity relationship to prescribe the relative load (%1RM) in women, as well as to compare the load-velocity profile between sexes and participants with different strength levels. The load-velocity relationship of 14 men (1RM: 1.17 ± 0.19) and 14 women (1RM: 0.66 ± 0.13) were evaluated in the bench press exercise. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear (R² range: 0.987–0.993), (II) a steeper load-velocity profile was observed in men compared to women (Effect size [ES]: 1.09), with men showing higher velocities for light loads (ES: ? 0.81 and ? 0.40 for the y-intercept and 30%1RM, respectively), but women reporting higher velocities for the heavy loads (ES: 1.14 and 1.50 at 90%1RM and 100%1RM, respectively); and (III) while the slope of the load-velocity profile was moderately steeper for weak men compared to their strong counterpart (ES: 1.02), small differences were observed between strong and weak women (ES: ? 0.39). While these results support the use of the individual load-velocity relationship to prescribe the %1RM in the bench press exercise for women, they also highlight the large disparities in their load-velocity profile compared to men.     

中压混合型模块化多电平变换器的载波移相调制策略

由于半桥子模块与全桥子模块的载波移相调制策略不同,两者混合而成的模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter, MMC)不能直接沿用原来的调制策略;在船舶中压直流电力系统中,由于变换器模块数较少,交流输出电压的波形质量相对较差。基于上述原因,通过载波相位角的合理配置,提出一种改进型载波移相调制策略。该策略不仅能够增加交流输出电压的电平数,而且不局限于某种特定的拓扑结构。通过仿真验证其有效性和通用性,验证结果显示它是一种适用于中压混合型MMC的通用调制策略。     

平行/重合D膜超势，Ooguri-Vafa不变量与类型II弦理论/F理论对偶

利用类型Ⅱ弦理论/F理论对偶,第一次在平行和重合相区计算一个具体的双D膜系统的超势,并提取Ooguri-Vafa不变量。平行D膜相与重合D膜相间的相变也对应着D膜世界叶上规范理论规范对称性的提升U（1）×…×U（1）→U（n）。计算显示这两个相区的超势截然不同,并给出不同的Ooguri-Vafa不变量。这意味着相变的发生导致两个相区能谱结构的差异。