Concept Relationships in Knowledge Organization Systems: Elements for Analysis and Common Research Among Fields

Knowledge organization systems have been studied in several fields and for different and complementary aspects. Among the aspects that concentrate common interests, in this article we highlight those related to the terminological and conceptual relationships among the components of any knowledge organization system. This research aims to contribute to the critical analysis of knowledge organization systems, especially ontologies, thesauri, and classification systems, by the comprehension of its similarities and differences when dealing with concepts and their ways of relating to each other as well as to the conceptual design that is adopted.     

试论农村自杀的类型与逻辑

基于《中国农村村治模式实证研究丛书》中15个村的调查报告,可以对农村自杀的类型及其逻辑有个概览性认识。农村的自杀主要与家庭关系相关,根据不同的关系和特征可以将自杀划分为多种类型。农村自杀呈现出一些鲜明的时空特征。从空间上看,南方、北方和中部农村的自杀类型及其逻辑有所差异;从时间上看,30年来农村自杀的不同类型此消彼长,出现了一些巨变。农民自杀的时空特征,可以从农民价值的时空差异中获得理解。社会转型期,各种关系与价值调整所带来的种种不平衡和不适应,是农民自杀的主要原因。由于难以准确预测与农民价值相关的农村宗教的发展,目前还难以完全判断农村自杀的走向。     

Does Fidelity of Implementation Account for Changes in Teacher–Child Interactions in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Banking Time?

This study examined fidelity of implementation in a randomized trial of Banking Time, a classroom-based intervention intended to improve children's behavior, specifically for those at risk for developing externalizing behavior problems, through improving the quality of teacher–child interactions. The study sample comes from a randomized controlled trial that took place over three years and included 183 teachers and 470 preschool children recruited across three sites. Results exploring fidelity of implementation indicated that Banking Time practices were present across treatment and nontreatment groups. In addition, the presence of more Positive Banking Time Practices accounted for improvements in teacher–child interactions while Restricted Banking Time Practices showed inconsistent patterns, relating both to positive and negative teacher–child interactions. Further, random assignment to Banking Time resulted in the presence of more Positive Banking Time Practices and fewer Restricted Banking Time Practices, which accounted for the improved teacher–child interactions. Thus, findings point to the critical need to better account for intervention fidelity across conditions in randomized trials, allowing for better understanding of the mechanism through which interventions lead to intended outcomes.     

A study of social–emotional adjustment levels of preschool children in relation to peer relationships

The aim of this research is to study social–emotional adaptation levels of 5- to 6-year old preschool children in relation to peer relationships. One hundred and forty-four children aged between 5 and 6 joined in this relational survey study. According to the results of the research analysing the relationship between the social–emotional adjustments of 5- to 6-year old children continuing preschool education and the peer relationship variables; the social–emotional adjustment level can meaningfully predict the prosocial behaviour of children towards their peers, aggression levels and exclusion by peers, fear–anxiety towards peers, hyperactivity–distractibility and peer victimisation.     

Preschool + school + communication = What for educator relationships?

Communication between educators in preschool and school settings has been promoted consistently in research literature and policy as a practice to enhance children’s transition to school. Underlying the practice are the assumptions that communication between educators is (a) a way of building on children’s learning and responding to their diverse needs and interests as they start school and (b) a means of developing positive relationships between educators. Whilst it is an advocated practice, there has been little research about the consequences of preschool–school communication or exploration of the ways in which the practice might support positive transition experiences. This paper specifically addresses what happens for educators as a result of preschool–school interactions. The communication experiences of preschool and school educators reported in an online questionnaire provide important insights into the impact of intersetting communications, particularly on educator relationships. Most outcomes for relationships between educators in preschool and school settings were reported to be positive. However, the results contest the notion that preschool–school communication automatically results in the development of positive relationships; relationships which support collaboration between educators as children start school.     

‘Brown Paper Packages’? A Sociocultural Perspective on Young Children's Ideas in Science

How do we see young children's thinking in science? Is it, as much previous research has led us to believe, that their ideas can be neatly boxed like “brown paper packages tied up with strings” – as the song from The Sound of Music goes? Or are their ideas like “wild geese that fly with the moon on their wings” (Sound of Music): fluid, complex, rich.?.?.? Drawing on the author's research into young children's ideas about natural phenomena such as the rain and clouds, and on Rogoff's three foci of analysis (personal, interpersonal and contextual), this paper illustrates how a consideration of sociocultural theory can be useful in framing research with young children, and allow us to see beyond the boxes. Emphasis is placed on recognising that children's thinking in science is embedded within particular sociocultural contexts, is guided by others and integrated with their use of certain mental and physical cultural tools. Thus, the article aims to present an alternative method for the generation of data on young children's thinking. Specific analysis of this data will, it is intended, be presented in a subsequent article.     

The e-government research domain: A triple helix network analysis of collaboration at the regional,country, and institutional levels

This study introduces a hybrid approach (i.e., a social network analysis technique and triple helix indicators) to study certain aspects of the e-government (EG) domain that would otherwise remain hidden when using conventional analytic tools. Particularly, we provide network analysis of the EG research domain by focusing on the network collaboration between regions, nations and institutions. We collected and analyzed 1091 scholarly papers which were classified as being about “e-government” by the Web of Science database. The results indicate that hybrid method can be used to understand certain network-level structures and patterns in the EG domain which are beyond the scope of the predominantly-used systematic literature review (SLR) method. Particularly, the hybrid method is useful in understanding collaboration patterns between countries, institutions and regions in the EG domain, identifying key players by studying their network properties (i.e., degree centralities); and in understanding the pattern of relations among universities, industries, and government. The implications of these results in terms of research and practice, and study limitations are discussed.     

创建neighbor-joining进化树的快速算法

为了改善Saitou和Nei提出的neighbor-joining进化树算法(SN)及Studier和Keppler的改进算法(SK),降低计算的时间复杂度,设计了一种快速算法.该算法涉及3种技术第一,引入一个线性数组A[N],用于存储距离矩阵每一行的值,以减少许多重复计算;第二,A[i]的值在算法开始时全部计算,在迭代步中间只进行更新3个变化的值;第三,设计了一个紧凑的公式用于计算OTUs之间的边长,并对该公式进行了证明.实验结果表明随着节点数的增多,该算法比SN算法快几十倍到上百倍,比SK算法快2倍以上;在一台桌面计算机上,该算法能在3min左右创建具有2000个节点的进化树.以空间换时间,减少最内层循环的计算量是设计多重循环算法的基本思路.