试论不同年龄阶段学生的多层次钢琴教学

面对不同学生的不同学习需求，采用科学的钢琴教学方法，让学生从学习钢琴这门艺术中获得乐趣。提高个人的综合素质。在教学时就应该做到，针对不同年龄的学生的心理和生理特点因材施教。教学内容、教学方法的选择都应有不同的侧重点。做到理论与技巧结合；知识与运用结合；书本和社会结合。     

人体仿真技术在先进制造作业疲劳研究中的应用

人体仿真技术已成为国内外学者进行作业疲劳生理参数测定最有效的方法之一。本文将人体仿真技术应用于先进制造作业疲劳研究,利用3D SSPP软件,以木工电子开料作业为例,探讨作业疲劳的人体仿真分析方法及步骤。此外,将人体仿真分析应用于作业优化设计,探讨了利用人体仿真分析方法进行的作业优化设计的流程,为先进制造的作业疲劳研究提供了一种的技术方法参考。     

Knowledge of bout duration influences pacing strategies during small-sided games

This investigation examines pacing during intermittent team sports. Sixteen junior Rugby League players participated in eight different small-sided offside touch games. All games were 24 min, but bout durations differed in continuous (1 × 24 min) or repeated (2 × 12, 3 × 8, 4 × 6, 6 × 4, 8 × 3, 12 × 2 or 24 × 1 min) formats. Repeat bouts were interspersed by 2 min of passive rest, and participants were informed of the bout duration immediately prior to the game. Heart rates, ratings of perceived exertion and data gathered from global positioning system devices were used to investigate the pacing strategies employed within each game. No significant (P > 0.05) between-game differences were observed in total distance; however, during the 1-min bouts, high-speed movement was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, during the first and second quarters of the 24 × 1-min game compared to all other formats (effect size range: 0.75 ± 0.61–1.38 ± 0.47). Furthermore, the rate of decline in high-speed movement over-time was greatest during the 24 × 1-min game with large differences observed between the first and third quarters (effect size: 0.90 ± 0.58). Greater moderate-speed (effect size range: 0.62 ± 0.63–1.56 ± 0.40) and less low-speed (effect size range: 0.69 ± 0.62–1.54 ± 0.40) distances were also observed during the 1-min bouts, yet heart rates were higher during the continuous 1 × 24-min game. Pacing strategies during intermittent activities are influenced by the number and duration of exercise bouts. Practitioners should consider within-game bout durations when prescribing game-based activities to improve aerobic capacity.     

竞技体校男子田径、足球运动员的生化评定探讨

对北京体育大学16名在校男运动员的身体机能状况与代谢能力进行了生化评定。测试结果表明，这些正在进行大强度训练的运动员的机能状态良好，无运动性贫血发生或其它对运动负荷不适应的现象。两组运动员即田径(短跑、跨栏、跳跃)与足球组的队员的代谢特点与其专项运动特点相适应。两组运动员在有氧代谢能力上存在一定差异，但无氧代谢能力及代谢特点基本相似。     

Physiological demands of match-play in elite tennis: A case study

Abstract

The physiological and perceptual demands together with match notation of a four-set tennis match were studied in two elite professional players during the preparation for the 2008 Davis Cup. The design of this case report is unique in that it is the first to describe the demands of prolonged match-play (197 min) over four sets in ecologically valid conditions. The variables measured before and after each set included blood lactate and glucose concentrations, body mass, and perception of effort. Stroke count for each rally and heart rate were recorded during each set while salivary cortisol concentration was determined before and after the match. The rally length decreased as the match progressed. The results showed significant physiological stress, with each player losing greater than 2.5% of body mass (as fluid) and having elevated salivary cortisol concentrations after the match. Heart rate and perception of effort were also increased following each set indicating increasing stress. However, blood lactate decreased following the fourth set while blood glucose was maintained. The results also suggest that elite players may adjust work rates or tactics to cope with the increased perception of effort. This report shows that four sets of tennis are associated with increasing stress and fatigue.     

Movement and stretching imagery during flexibility training

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of movement and stretching imagery on increases in flexibility. Thirty volunteers took part in a 4 week flexibility training programme. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) movement imagery, where participants imagined moving the limb they were stretching; (2) stretching imagery, where participants imagined the physiological processes involved in stretching the muscle; and (3) control, where participants did not engage in mental imagery. Active and passive range of motion around the hip was assessed before and after the programme. Participants provided specific ratings of vividness and comfort throughout the programme. Results showed significant increases in flexibility over time, but no differences between the three groups. A significant relationship was found, however, between improved flexibility and vividness ratings in the movement imagery group. Furthermore, both imagery groups scored significantly higher than the control group on levels of comfort, with the movement imagery group also scoring significantly higher than the stretching imagery group. We conclude that the imagery had stronger psychological than physiological effects, but that there is potential for enhancing physiological effects by maximizing imagery vividness, particularly for movement imagery.     

运动员心脏的生理特征

经过长期的系统训练,运动员的心脏在形态,结构和功能方面都会产生适应性的变化,当施加于心脏的运动负荷减弱或消除后,先前产生的适应性变化也会随之减弱并逐渐消除。对运动心脏的生理特点和临床表现的几个方面进行了简要的综述。     

用鱼心代替蛙心进行生理实验的探讨

蟾蜍和青蛙是生理学实验常用对象,但近年来来源短缺,且青蛙为保护动物。为解决这一问题,文章介绍了用鲫鱼代替青蛙所做的2种实验。     

寄生蜂作用于寄主的内部生理机制

寄生蜂在产卵的同时，常将一些特殊因子注射进寄主体内，从而对寄主的生长发育产生一定的调控作用．重点概述了寄生蜂作用于寄主的４个主要内部因子，即毒液、多态ＤＮＡ病毒、畸形细胞和寄生蜂幼虫分泌物．介绍了寄生蜂对寄主生长发育的调控，即发育同步性的调控、营养代谢的调控以及激素的调控     

心理因素在声乐中的能动性体现

在声乐学习和教学当中,单纯的技能训练是远远不够的,社会文明的发展进步对声乐艺术提出了更高的要求。强调意识在演唱中的作用,注重心理在学习中的重要性,这似乎成为了一种必然、一种趋势,只有遵循规律,才能保证事物向着正确的方向发展,声乐艺术也是如此。