水球运动中部分生理生化指标的应用

本文通过文献检索,对生理生化指标如何评定水球运动员体能状况作了综述,以期对科学安排训练,预防过度训练和促进疲劳恢复提供参考和借鉴。     

中国的人体组成学研究:回顾与展望

人体组成学是人体生物学的分支学科之一,主要研究人体内诸多组分的含量与分布、组分之间的数量关系、在活体中测定人体组分的方法、以及体内外各种因素对组分含量的影响。研究人体组成不仅具有生物学意义,也与提高国民体质、增进健康、治疗疾病密切相关。进入21世纪以来,海峡两岸对人体组成的研究呈快速发展的态势,每年平均发表58篇论文,约占全世界此领域论文总数的3.9%。这表明两岸的人体组成学研究,已在世界上占有一席之地。中国对人体组成的研究主要集中在3个方面：对中国人群身体组成特点的研究、对运动与身体组成关系的研究、以及对疾病与身体组成关系的研究。未来,两岸的人体组成研究应该在多方位发展,特别是研究更多的身体组分（如骨骼肌与内脏脂肪组织）、应用先进的测定方法、以及探讨黄种人的身体组成特点。第9届国际人体组成学研讨会于2011年在杭州举行,这必将进一步促进海峡两岸人体组成学研究的发展。     

Organic Acidurias: An Updated Review

Organic acidurias are an important class of inherited metabolic disorders arising due to defect in intermediary metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acids and fatty acid oxidation. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the important organic acidurias in the Indian population. Specifically, diagnosis and principles of treatment of organic acidurias are covered. The salient features of common organic acidurias as well as their prevalence in various parts of the world are reviewed in some detail.     

Myeloperoxidase in Chronic Kidney Disease

Numerous lines of evidence implicate a role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is a well accepted fact that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk for CVD. MPO is a pro-oxidant enzyme which could be involved in the increased susceptibility of these patients to CVD. Hence, the levels of plasma MPO was determined in healthy controls as well as in patients with CKD [stratified with the level of their kidney failure as CKD stages II–V (end stage renal disease)]. Plasma MPO was assayed by a spectrophotometric method. Serum urea and creatinine were estimated on a clinical chemistry analyzer using standard laboratory procedures. The mean plasma MPO levels were significantly lower with advancing stages of renal failure (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between MPO and GFR (r = +0.89, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation with urea (r = −0.85, P < 0.001) and creatinine (r = −0.82, P < 0.001). While an inverse association was observed between plasma MPO and urea in CKD patients, such an association was not observed in control subjects (P = 0.43). In conclusion, the decline in plasma MPO levels may be due to the inhibitory effect of uraemic toxins on the enzyme.     

网络环境下省疾控中心图书馆工作

网络环境下,疾控中心图书馆应围绕其职能特点提供服务,其建设目标是收集和提供信息资源、提高信息咨询能力、提供专题化信息服务和加强员工的培训,因此必须加强图书馆人才队伍建设。     

传统农业区稻田多个物种共存对病虫草害的生态控制效应——以贵州省从江县为例

本文运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业地区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了传统品种和现代品种在水稻单作(R)、稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)3种不同稻作方式下,稻田多个物种共存对稻田生态系统主要病虫草害及蜘蛛的影响。结果表明,就水稻品种而言,糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻,糯稻田与杂交稻田的稻飞虱虫量、稻纵卷叶螟虫量以及蜘蛛量差异不显著,杂交稻在3种稻作方式下的抗稻瘟病能力显著高于糯稻。就稻作方式而言,R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对稻田杂草鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、节节菜(Rotala indica)等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制效果显著优于其它的稻作方式;R-F-D系统的稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟虫量较水稻单作明显减少;R-F系统的蜘蛛数量最高;R-F-D系统的抗稻瘟病性最好。     

野生动物疫病暴发成因及其防控对策

近年来,世界范围内的野生动物疫病问题日益突出,严重威胁各国的生物安全和生态安全。气候变化和人类活动不断加剧是导致野生动物疫病频发的重要驱动因素。气候变化改变了疫源动物、媒介及病原生物的分布区和栖息环境,为野生动物疫病暴发、流行和侵入创造了条件。人类活动加剧增大了疫病在人、野生动物和家养动物之间交叉感染的概率和疫病传播速度,加大了疫病暴发、流行的风险。为应对日益严重的野生动物疫病重大挑战,亟待加强和完善我国野生动物疫病监测和防控体系建设,提升对野生动物疫病的研究、监测、预警、干预和防控能力,服务国家生物安全和生态安全战略。     

What to Teach?

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education discusses why Lamaze International conducts a comprehensive job analysis of what childbirth educators are teaching and their beliefs of what is important for pregnant women and their partners to learn. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.     

二尖瓣病变合并冠心病13例外科治疗体会

目的总结二尖瓣病变合并冠心病的外科治疗体会。方法对13例二尖瓣病变合并冠心病患者同期行二尖瓣置换或成型及冠脉搭桥术,回顾性分析,临床资料。结果术后1例死于严重心律失常,其余均存活。随访3—36个月,心功能恢复至Ⅰ-Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级3例,未出现心肌缺血症状。结论术前明确诊断,充分准备,术中加强心肌保护,提高手术水平,缩短手术时间,加强围手术期治疗是手术成功的关键。     

亨廷顿舞蹈症、氧化应激与胶质细胞

氧化应激的产生与胞浆内活性氧簇的升高密切相关,过多生成的活性氧簇能够造成脂质过氧化,损伤蛋白质甚至DNA,而这些物质的受损与疾病发生相关,尤其是神经退行性疾病.神经退行性疾病经常被描述为进行性的神经元丢失,伴随神经元或者胶质细胞中出现标志性寡聚体.在神经退行性疾病中,胶质细胞可能以一种抗氧化应激的方式在神经元功能维持以及生存上发挥重要作用.反之,神经元也能够通过不同途径反馈调节胶质细胞.该文主要探讨在亨廷顿舞蹈症中胶质细胞的特点和功能,阐明氧化应激与亨廷顿舞蹈症的关系,概括这三者之间的关系进而论证胶质细胞在亨廷顿舞蹈症中的抗氧化应激保护作用.