我国科研课题管理的制度体系建设——现状、问题及对策

本文分析了我国科研课题管理制度体系的现状及存在的问题,并提出了科研课题管理制度体系构建的对策。     

全球胜任力视角下中外合作办学项目评价——基于189个项目培养方案的内容分析

全球化和“一带一路”合作倡议的深入发展,推动我国国际交流和协作的规模持续扩大,急需能够胜任全球化挑战、具有国际视野的人才。基于现有研究,提炼出具有全球胜任力的人才应具备全球意识、开放与尊重、专业的学科知识、语言、团队沟通与协作五大要素。运用NVivo11软件,分析62所高校189个中外合作办学项目培养方案中五大要素的表达情况。研究发现,在培养目标、课程体系等方面,对照全球胜任力的要求,各项目仍有较大改进空间。据此提议:高校应在培养目标上重视文化多样性理念,拓宽课程口径,打破学科限制,丰富跨地域交流实践;政府应加强顶层设计与战略规划,构建社会各界权责明确的协作体系,提高当代青年在全球化过程中的胜任素质。     

对我省电大开放教育试点工作现状的思考

我省电大自1999年春季开始开放教育试点工作以来，在教学和教学管理工作方面取得了一定的成绩，但由于该项工作尚处试点阶段，加之理论水平不足，缺乏经验，也存在着一些亟待解决的问题。为使试点项目研究工作健康、有序地发展，必须进一步转变教与学的观念，注重教学质量的提高；应当加快学习资源和学习支持服务系统的建设，合理利用多种媒体资源。     

Practical independent research projects in science: a synthesis and evaluation of the evidence of impact on high school students

Practical independent research projects (IRPs) are a feature of school science in a number of countries. To assess the impact of IRPs on students, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Thirty-nine papers met the review inclusion criteria, reporting on work from twelve countries. The review indicates that IRPs are often associated with wider initiatives such as authentic science, problem-based learning, and project-based learning. There is considerable variability in the nature of IRP work in relation to focus, models of provision, assessment, the involvement of external partners such as universities and employers, and funding, and this diversity affects judgements on the quality of the evidence base on impact. The majority of the research reviewed explored areas such as conceptual understanding, motivation to study science once it is no longer compulsory and attitudes to science, and the development of practical skills. Benefits were identified in relation to the learning of science ideas, affective responses to science, views of pursuing careers involving science, and development of a range of skills. Studies focusing on traditionally under-represented groups indicated that such students felt more positive about science as a result of undertaking IRPs. The review findings indicate that further work is needed to enhance the quality of the available evidence, to consider the ways in which IRPs can be validly assessed, to explore more fully the potential benefits for traditionally under-represented groups, and to explore more fully the potential longer-term benefits of participation in IRPs at high school level.     

关于人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点项目总结性评估的几点思考

总结性评估与中期评估相比，其要求更高，难度更大，因此必须提高认识，明确目标，研究对策，落实责任，加快进程，如期完成自评，从容迎接总结性评估。     

基于“1+X”证书制度的课证融通探索与研究

“1+X”证书制度是职教20条中重要改革部署和重大创新。落实职业院校学历教育和培训并举并重,坚持学历教育与职业培训相结合,促进书证融通。严把证书标准和人才质量两个关口,规范培养培训过程。从试点做起,通过改革稳步推进,总结经验、完善机制、防控风险。以财务岗位为例,以课证融通为切入点,系统探索“1+X”证书制度的内涵、“1”与“X”的关系、“X”证书与职业资格证书的区别,对课证融通中职业能力标准体系建设,培训体系和课程体系的建设进行深入研究。     

Fostering Distributed Science Learning Through Collaborative Technologies

TACTICS (French and Spanish acronym standing for Collaborative Work and Learning in Science with Information and Communications Technologies) is an ongoing project aimed at investigating a distributed community of learning and practice in which information and communications technologies (ICT) take the role of collaborative tools to support social construction of knowledge. This community is composed of researchers, graduate students, and high-school teachers and their students, from six schools and four universities in Canada and Mexico. It set out in fall 2000 to develop a community around the general topic of integrating concepts in science school subjects. Once a prototype community is established, it can become a terrain where different aspects could be studied. Subsequently, researchers could gradually take a back seat allowing as well as ensuring the autonomy of the school members involved and, thereby, the viability of the learning community. The set up of the proposed prototype distributed science learning community was therefore an essential yet far from trivial first step. This paper discusses the process of setting up the community and the lessons learned.     

Characterizing cross-professional collaboration in research and development projects in secondary education

Collaboration between practitioners and researchers can increasingly be observed in research and development (R&D) projects in secondary schools. This article presents an analysis of cross-professional collaboration between teachers, school leaders and educational researchers and/or advisers as part of R&D projects in terms of three dimensions: reasons for collaboration, the division of roles and tasks, and the communication structure. Data were collected in interviews with participants from 12 Dutch projects, from documents and from meetings with participants. The results show that the parties involved can have the same reasons for cross-professional collaboration but that the external educational experts may also have additional objectives. Roles and tasks were divided in different ways, depending on who directs and guides the research and development, and whether teachers were involved as teacher researchers in the project. The communication structure appeared to be linked to the division of roles and tasks, but also to the number of participants in the project. The three dimensions proved to be valuable viewpoints to study cross-professional collaboration in R&D projects in Dutch secondary education. Furthermore, we distinguished four types of cross-professional collaboration in R&D projects. These types differ in the extent to which the school or the external party direct and guide the project: (a) School-directed collaboration; (b) School- and researcher-directed collaboration; (c) School- and adviser-directed collaboration; (d) Researcher-directed collaboration. Our findings can support participants to consciously choose a particular type of cross-professional collaboration that fits their purposes and specific situation.     

德国"双元制"职业教育的最新进展

本文介绍了德国"双元制"职业教育的最新进展情况,首先描述了"双元制"的历史由来和结构体系,然后分析了职业教育的总体情况,最后提出了职业教育现代化改革过程中的试验计划.     

Impact of science-technology learning environment characteristics on learning outcomes: pupils’ perceptions and gender differences

Science and technology are connected to each other and are mutually inspiring. The science-technology curriculum for junior-high school in Israel suggests that teachers integrate these subjects. In addition, this curriculum calls for infusing thinking competencies into the learning subjects and for implementing alternatives in assessment methods in the classes. The current research included three stages: field research, pilot research and expanded research. In the field research, an intervention program was planned and implemented. The intervention program included a three-year inservice training workshop consisting of 224 hours each year. Quantitative and qualitative tools were used to assess teachers implementation of the intervention program. The findings revealed the characteristics of the science-technology learning environment and various learning outcomes. The pilot research enabled the development and validation of a questionnaire called the Science-Technology Learning Environment Questionnaire (STLEQ). The STLEQ was aimed at assessing teachers and pupils perceptions of learning environment. The conclusions from the pilot research showed differences between teachers and pupils perceptions towards the impact of learning environment characteristics on learning outcomes.In the expanded research, two cohorts of pupils participated, namely, the 2002 cohort (N = 207) and the 2003 cohort (N = 159). These cohorts had studied science-technology in junior-high school. The findings of the expanded research partly match the findings from the pilot research, leading to insight into the pupils perspective of the science-technology learning environment. No gender differences were found in pupils scoring of learning outcomes. On the other hand, boys scored higher than girls on Computer Usage. This research enables researchers and teachers to use the questionnaire in order to investigate pupils perceptions of their learning environment.