Inter‐firm Migration of Tacit Knowledge: Law and Policy1

Abstract

Much knowledge is diffused by the exchange of property rights in intangibles. But tacit knowledge, not being subject to property rights, is instead diffused by migration of knowledgeable individuals between firms. The law impacts significantly on this diffusion mechanism, in particular those rules that determine the use individuals may make of their tacit knowledge after migration to a different firm. The general principle underlying the relevant law is that individuals are free to migrate with all their tacit knowledge. Nonetheless there are some narrow exceptions to this principle. That these exceptions remain narrow and carefully policed by the courts is important because imposing too many restraints on use of tacit knowledge post‐term would have a negative impact on real innovation.     

基于极点配置的机械手电液伺服控制系统设计

介绍了一种基于极点配置的控制系统计算机辅助设计算法,并对某示教再现型机械手的臂回转伺服控制系统进行了设计和仿真计算,取得了较满意的结果。     

初探武术进入奥运会的项目设置与裁判评分模式

采用文献资料、问卷调查、比较和专家访谈等研究方法,提出并分析了武术进入奥运会的项目设置与裁判评分模式。     

人口流动与少数民族地区社会变迁--对甘南合作、夏河、玛曲的调查

人口流动对于少数民族地区的社会经济发展有积极的作用.甘南州人口流动可分为外流人口、内流人口、旅游人口等几种形式,诸如此类的人口流动对甘南州社会经济、文化变迁与民族关系都有重大影响.认识人口流动对少数民族地区社会变迁的作用,并注意克服人口流动过程中的负面影响,对少数民族地区的发展具有重要意义.     

家庭地域对我国高校毕业生就业流动的影响分析

针对在我国高校毕业生就业流动特征的影响因素进行了相关的实证研究和讨论,研究表明高校毕业生的就业流动特征已经不是简单地遵从于他们的主观意志,而是和多种复杂的因素联系在一起的,其中家庭的地域因素显著地影响着高校毕业生的就业选择。     

Design and implementation of multi-campus,modular master classes in biochemical engineering

The Master of Science in engineering technology: biochemical engineering is organised in KU Leuven at four geographically dispersed campuses. To sustain the Master's programmes at all campuses, it is clear that a unique education profile at each campus is crucial. In addition, a rationalisation is required by increased cooperation, increased exchange of lecturers, and increased student mobility. To achieve this, a multicampus education system for the M.Sc. in engineering technology: biochemical engineering was developed by offering modules that are also available for students of other campuses. Such a module is primarily based on the research expertise present at the campus. In the development, special attention has been given to the optimal organisation of the modules, evaluation, required modifications of the current curricula, and the practical consequences for students following the module at another campus. Even in the first year of implementation, around 30% of the students followed a multicampus module, which indicates the potential success of the multicampus concept described here.     

Education policy mobility: reimagining sustainability in neoliberal times

This paper is concerned with the twinning of sustainability with priorities of economic neoliberalization in education, and in particular via the mobility or diffusion of education policy. We discuss the literature on policy mobility as well as overview concerns regarding neoliberalism and education. The paper brings these analyses to bear in considering the uptake of sustainability in education policy. We ask to what extent sustainability as a vehicular idea may be twinning with processes of neoliberalization in education policy in ways that may undermine aspirations of, and action on, environmental sustainability. Toward the end of the paper, we draw on data from an empirical study to help elucidate how the analytic frames of policy mobility can inform our analyses of the potential concerns and possibilities of sustainability as a vehicular idea. In particular, we investigate how sustainability and related language have been adopted in the policies of Canadian post-secondary education institutions over time. The paper closes by suggesting the potential implications of the proceeding analyses for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers concerned with sustainability in education policy.     

The problem with international students' ‘experiences’ and the promise of their practices: Reanimating research about international students in higher education

The increasing number of people studying abroad has drawn significant scholarly attention to the experiences of international students. While these works have productively informed policy and practice regarding how international students may be better supported, they have not always considered the active ways international students contribute to higher education. This article suggests that adopting the notion of experience as a conceptual starting point is problematic because it only partially illuminates international students' agency and reproduces understandings of them as a vulnerable group. The more active notion of practice, by contrast, suggests a more agentive subject who is a pivotal actor in spaces of education. The main argument in this article is that the abiding focus on international students' experiences will be productively unsettled by orienting attention to their practices and theorising the notion of practice in more fluid and dynamic ways. After critically engaging with the existing literature, the article outlines four ways that a focus on international students' practices may reanimate debates. A focus on practice will: (1) show how international students actively contribute to spaces of higher education, including classrooms, campuses and other sites of sociality; (2) demand that researchers theorise agency in more expansive ways and consider the practices of a broader set of social groups; (3) encourage researchers to make use of a wider set of qualitative research methods; and (4) create a stronger political foundation from which to defend the interests of international students in a post-COVID-19 world.     

区域劳动者技能错配水平及影响效应研究

在产业结构优化升级和技术革新的挑战下,劳动者的技能和工作是否匹配具有重要的经济意义.通过2,476份北京市信息技术和养老护理等行业员工的调查问卷分析发现,超过三成的北京市劳动者技能不能满足当下工作所需;有12％的劳动者存在技能的落伍问题.利用序次和多分类逻辑斯特模型回归发现,相比于技能匹配的个体,技能不足对劳动者的工资收入、工作满意度和职业流动(跳槽)均产生了显著的负向影响;过度技能对劳动者的工作满意度和职业流动(跳槽)呈现明显的负向影响,且该影响效应高于技能不足的影响.对此,从关注劳动者技能"折旧"问题、倡导树立终身学习的观念等方面提出建议.