同校连读还是跨校流动:博士招生选拔制度探究

当前博士招生和培养制度改革在一定程度上助推了博士生学术近亲繁殖程度,但对其所产生的影响并没有得到充分的研究。文章以305名诺贝尔奖获得者为对象,运用传记——群体研究方法,研究发现学术精英教育经历中跨校流动的比例较高,不同学科诺贝尔奖获得者之间的差异较小,除了英国和日本等少数国家以外,绝大多数国家诺贝尔奖获得者更倾向于跨校攻读博士。传记研究也表明较高的跨校流动和多样性的学习经历,较好地促进了学术精英早期科学认知、学术素养和创新思维等的发展。这启示我国在博士生统一招考和申请考核制施行过程中要避免在同等条件下过度招收本校生;硕博连读应从同校攻读扩展为跨校推免攻读;同校连读博士生应在后期培养中强化校外或境外交流学习经历。     

Learning (abroad) mobility in the European Union: A comparison of youth in and out of higher education

In the European Union (EU) context, learning abroad mobility (LAM) also includes non-formal learning activities. Young people can participate in LAM whether they are in tertiary education or not. Nevertheless, studies focusing on the participation of out-of-higher-education (Out-HE) youth in LAM are often scarce. The current study aims to explore the role of several sociodemographic factors in participation in LAM among Out-HE youth, based on the analysis of a large-scale survey conducted across EU member countries. Findings show that Out-HE youth is less likely to participate in LAM than the youth in higher education as expected. However, some socioeconomic factors, such as gender and age, play different roles among Out-HE youth and the youth in higher education in old (EU15) and new member countries (NMS) of the EU.