Brief Walks in Outdoor and Laboratory Environments

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of brief walks completed in outdoor and laboratory environments on affective responses, enjoyment, and intention to walk for exercise. Thirty-five active young women (M age = 22.14 years, SD = 1.73) walked for 10 min at a self-selected intensity in outdoor and laboratory environments. Affective responses were assessed before, during, and following each brief walk. Enjoyment and intention also were assessed following each walk. Results revealed that although both walks resulted in improvements in affective responses, participants reported greater pleasant affective states, enjoyment, and intention for future participation with outdoor walking. Results of correlation analyses also revealed that affective responses were only consistently related to enjoyment in the outdoor environment. These findings suggest that the environment influences the affective responses to brief walks and show that affective states experienced during walking are related to theoretical determinants of physical activity.     

中国古代女性社会性别角色的衍生——以生殖崇拜和原始墓葬为考察中心

从生殖崇拜和原始墓葬的视角考察男女两性之别,可以较为清晰地梳理出中国古代女性社会性别角色衍生的基本脉络。对于女性社会性别角色的最初定位,由于其原生性和本源性,成为数千年间人们对女性＂德美＂内涵界定的基石以及人们对女性文化品格的审美期待。     

Predicting people’s environmental behaviour: theory of planned behaviour and model of responsible environmental behaviour

Using different measures of self-reported and other-reported environmental behaviour (EB), two important theoretical models explaining EB – Hines, Hungerford and Tomera’s model of responsible environmental behaviour (REB) and Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) – were compared regarding the fit between model and data, predictive ability, solidarity of the model structure and model modifications. Results of structural equation modelling revealed that the predictors in the TPB model explained much more variance in behavioural intention than those in the REB model (approximately 69 vs. 37%) but the two models differed little in explaining the variance in EB (about 75% with self-reported measure and 26% with other-reported measure). In addition, both suffered weakness of ineffective paths in the model structure. It was found that the operationalizations of the variables in the models might affect the results of the tests of these models and some adjustments and examinations were suggested. Although the REB model was shown to be imperfect in many aspects, it should be evaluated from a different viewpoint and was encouraged to be applied and tested in the context of environmental education.     

User acceptance of mobile e-government services: An empirical study

The traditional focus of e-government services research has been on non-mobile services but now with the incorporation of mobile services more people are able to access these Mobile e-government services (m-government services). In addition, such services are critical for improving user-to-government communication effectiveness and maintaining relationships. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that determine user acceptance of these services. Based primarily on the theory of planned behavior and supplemented by the mobile communication perspective, a sample of 331 users of m-government services in Taiwan was tested. The findings show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, interactivity, external influence, interpersonal influence, self efficacy, and facilitating conditions are critical factors. This study has given us a better understanding of critical mobile communication factors in improving user acceptance of m-government services. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are also presented and discussed.     

对计划调节与市场调节相结合的几点认识

本文就计划与市场的关系探讨了两个方面的问题。笔者认为:计划与市场相结合是社会主义特有的经济问题;计划与市场相结合必须寻找并建立共同的基础。     

我国社会转型期社会体育的分化与整合

社会体育的分化与整合是社会转型期间无法回避的必然现象，也必然表现在我国社会体育的发展进程中。采用文献资料法对我国社会转型期社会体育分化与整合的原因、特点及其作用问题进行探讨。研究表明：生产力发展水平、市场经济发展、政府宏观调控是社会体育分化与整合必不可少的因素；转型期社会体育分化与整合表现出多样性；社会体育的不断分化必须要有相应的社会结构不断整合，良好的整合机制是促进社会体育健全分化的保证。     

贫困地区农户宅基地有偿退出行为的影响路径——基于家庭生命周期视角

探究贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响路径对于实施宅基地退出政策具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。本文基于家庭生命周期视角,根据计划行为理论,结合全国农村宅基地改革试点县中唯一的贫困县——安徽省金寨县333份农户的微观调研数据,运用结构方程模型,探讨了贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响路径,并对比分析了不同类型家庭宅基地退出行为影响路径的差异。结果表明：①贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为基本遵循计划行为理论,影响路径包括“行为态度→退出意愿→退出行为”和“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”,且主观规范是主导因素,行为态度次之,农户宅基地退出意愿显著正向影响其退出行为。②不同类型家庭宅基地退出行为的影响路径不同,其中抚幼养老型家庭和养老型家庭的影响路径与样本总体路径一致,包括“行为态度→退出意愿→退出行为”和“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”;抚幼型家庭的影响路径仅有“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”,且其主观规范对退出意愿的影响强于养老型家庭和抚幼养老型家庭。提出了针对不同类型家庭实施不同的农户宅基地退出激励政策,有效利用农户的社会网络,健全宅基地退出后的配套政策,以及严格落实宅基地退出补偿资金的信息公开和按时支付制度等建议。     

人口年龄结构变动对碳排放的影响——基于生育率和预期寿命的跨国面板数据

在即将进入深度老龄化社会的大背景下,中国完成碳排放目标需要重点关注人口年龄结构变化的影响。归纳世界人口年龄结构对碳排放作用的普遍规律,有助于更好地了解人口年龄结构对碳排放的作用机制。鉴于此,本文选取全球有代表性的55个经济体,从生育率和预期寿命两个维度出发,运用面板数据分析方法,实证研究并对比分析年龄结构对各经济体碳排放的差异化影响和作用路径。研究表明：①生育率和预期寿命对碳排放增长存在着非线性作用,生育率下降促进了碳排放的增长,而预期寿命延长对碳排放具有先减后增的作用;②随着老龄化的加剧,预期寿命在人口年龄结构对碳排放作用中的贡献越来越高;③生育率和预期寿命作用于碳排放的主导路径在发展中国家和发达国家之间存在着差异,前者以规模变化路径为主,而后者由效率技术变化路径主导。本文结论丰富了人口年龄结构对碳排放影响机制的研究,也为探索中国老龄化背景下碳减排路径提供政策上的启示。     

自我雇佣对农民工健康的影响

2021年我国灵活就业规模高达2亿人,其中自雇型就业已成为灵活就业的主要形式之一。利用2013年、2015年及2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,实证检验自雇型就业如何影响二孩生育意愿,发现：自雇型就业可以显著提高二孩生育意愿,相对于“生存型自雇”,“机会型自雇”对二孩生育意愿的积极效应更强。异质性分析表明,对女性及东部地区个体而言,自雇对二孩生育意愿的提升作用更大。作用机制检验结果表明,自雇型就业可以通过提高个人职业收入、主观幸福感以及主观阶层流动预期对二孩生育意愿产生积极效应。基本社会保障的覆盖会提高自雇型就业群体二孩生育意愿与生育行为的一致性,有利于自雇型就业群体将二孩生育意愿转化为实际生育行为。     

对社会转型期"举国体制"的思考

采用文献资料及专家访谈法，对“举国体制”产生的历史背景、基本内涵、历史性贡献以及社会转型期所面临的问题进行分析，认为“举国体制”仍然在相当一段历史时期内对于中国体育事业的发展是必不可少的，关键是在保持这一体制巨大优势的前提下，循序渐进地对其加以改革和完善，赋予其新的内涵，以实现体育事业与社会主义市场经济的协调发展。