A Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Improving Basketball Performance

Abstract

The purpose of the present experiment was to replicate and extend previous developmental modeling research by examining the qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of motor performance. Eighty females of two age groups (5–0 to 6–6 and 7–6 to 9–0 years) were randomly assigned to conditions within a 2 × 2 × 2 (Age x Model Type x Rehearsal) factorial design. Children received either verbal instructions only (no model) or a visual demonstration with experimenter-given verbal cues (verbal model) of a five-part dance skill sequence. Children were either prompted to verbally rehearse before skill execution or merely asked to reproduce the sequence without prompting. Both quantitative (order) and qualitative (form) performances were assessed. Results revealed a significant age main effect for both order and form performance, with older children performing better than younger children. A model type main effect was also found for both order and form performance. The verbal model condition produced better qualitative performance, whereas the no model condition resulted in better quantitative scores. These results are discussed in terms of differential coding strategies that may influence task components in modeling.     

激励还是抑制:政策环境与研发投入——基于股权结构视角

基于主板上市公司2007—2016年的数据,考察我国经济政策不确定性对企业研发投入的影响。通过建立非线性固定效应模型发现,(1)政策不确定性对研发投入的影响呈现倒"U"型,即政策不确定性在一定范围内激励研发,过度则抑制研发;(2)调节效应表明,股权集中和股权制衡正向调节政策不确定性对研发投入的影响,并且两者还有互补效应;(3)进一步研究发现,最优的股权结构是前五大股权越集中、第二、三大股东对第一大股东制衡度越大。     

Between Survival Strategy and Bloody Violence: Boxing in Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camps (1940–1945)

Abstract

Concentration and extermination camps were micro-societies characterized by inequality: the SS reigned supreme over a multitude of prisoners who were either exterminated upon their arrival, or died of hunger and ill-treatment while a few privileged ones enjoyed much more decent living conditions. This disturbing reality is studied here through a singular cultural practice: boxing. The way the SS exploited the talent of prisoners with boxing skills for training purposes and boxing events testifies to their own corporal culture, which was itself a product of the strict order and discipline imposed on German society by the Nazi regime through sport. Concentration camp prisoners’ bodies were mere tools that could be put to use for ideological and leisure purposes. Boxing turns out to be a compelling match from which to analyze the social structure of concentration camps: boxing was a leisure activity and a power game to some, a livelihood to others, a torture for the prisoners who were the underdogs, but also a means for a very small minority to escape their plight. It also is an opportunity to bring to light the connections existing between control over and destruction of bodies, between survival and staying power.     

基于小波神经网络的污水厂总磷预测模型

污水厂进水污染物与出水总磷的变化规律呈高度非线性,而传统机理预测模型需要依据经验设定大量参数,预测精度较低,预测相对误差处于15%~25%之间。为提高预测精度,以进水化学需氧量、总氮、氨氮、总磷、进水量5个进水指标与出水总磷浓度的映射关系建立小波神经网络预测模型。结果表明,小波神经网络模型模拟相对误差为9.87%,相较于机理模型,预测误差降低了5%~15%;同时模型收敛速度快,具有强大的非线性拟合能力,运行稳定性强,对污水厂实际运行中出水总磷预测有一定参考作用。     

The acute effects of resistance exercise on the main determinants of blood rheology

The aim of this study was to examine short-term changes in blood rheological variables after a single bout of resistance exercise. Twenty-one healthy males completed three sets of 5?–?7 repetitions of six exercises at an intensity corresponding to 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM). The average duration of the exercise bout was 35?min. Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 30?min of recovery and analysed for lactate, red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, total protein and albumin concentration. Plasma volume decreased 10.1% following resistance exercise. This occurred in parallel with an increase of 5.6%, 5.4% and 6.2% in red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit; respectively. Plasma viscosity increased from 1.55?±?0.01 to 1.64?±?0.01 mPa?·?s immediately after resistance exercise before decreasing to 1.57?±?0.01 mPa?·?s at the end of the recovery period. Similarly, fibrinogen, albumin and total protein increased significantly following resistance exercise. However, the rises in all these rheological parameters were transient and returned to pre-exercise values by the end of recovery. We conclude that a single session of heavy resistance exercise performed by normal healthy individuals alters blood rheological variables and that these changes are transient and could be attributed to exercise-induced haemoconcentration.     

大强度游泳抑制小鼠骨骼肌谷氨酰胺合成酶活性

分析不同强度运动负荷对血浆和骨骼肌谷氨酰胺水平变化与骨骼肌谷氨酰胺合成酶活性变化，探讨运动影响血浆谷氨酰胺水平变化的机制。BAL/C小鼠不负重或2%负重不同强度游泳，每天2h，持续8周。与对照组比较，大强度游泳组动物血浆（0.46±0.10、0.12±0.02mmol/L，p<0.01）和肌肉（4.92±0.98、1.03±0.37mmol/L，p<0.01）中的谷氨酰胺浓度降低，骨骼肌谷氨酰胺合成酶活性抑制(1874±191、1246±220nmol/min/g蛋白,p<0.01)；而中等强度游泳升高血浆谷氨酰胺浓度(0.64±0.06mmol/L,p<0.01)。小鼠在中等强度运动时，谷氨酰胺代谢表现了积极的代偿变化。但在大强度运动时，动物的体重增长减缓，血浆和肌肉谷氨酰胺水平均大幅度降低。结果提示，导致血浆谷氨酰胺水平降低的机制之一是骨骼肌中的谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制。     

河北省少年男子足球运动员强化训练的机能评定

足球运动员机能状态的好坏直接影响足球运动的训练效果,合理评价少年足球运动员的机能状态是急需解决的问题。用FCM测定细胞凋亡率、Bcl-2基因蛋白表达、Ca2+浓度及相关免疫参数进行研究。结果表明少年男子足球运动员强化训练后血液淋巴细胞Ca2+浓度、细胞凋亡率、CD16+56+显著降低。认为强化训练提高了运动员的机能水平,少量细胞发生凋亡是机体剔除受损细胞的必然。Ca2+浓度、细胞凋亡率、免疫参数CD16+56+等指标是综合分析运动员机能状态的较敏感指标。     

数字化转型能促进企业韧性提升吗？——资源配置的中介作用

数字化转型是企业进入数字经济时代的必经之路，对企业在复杂环境中培育组织韧性至关重要。本文基于2013—2021年沪深A股上市高技术企业年报，使用文本分析法测度了企业数字化转型水平指数，并在此基础上从长期视角探讨了数字化转型对企业韧性的影响、路径机制及作用条件。结果表明，在长期内数字化转型对企业韧性产生了显著的正向影响，具体表现为降低了企业的股票波动，提高了企业的绩效增长；数字化转型能够通过改进企业的资源配置作用于企业韧性；行业竞争度和供应链集中度影响了数字化转型与企业韧性二者之间的关系，行业竞争越激烈，数字化转型对企业韧性的促进作用越强，供应链越集中，数字化转型对企业韧性的促进作用越弱。研究结论深化了数字化转型与企业韧性之间关系的理解，为引导企业实现数字化战略赋能组织韧性提升提供了理论依据和经验启示。     

稳中求变？高管团队稳定性与企业数字化转型

缺乏清晰的战略目标和实践路径、统一的转型认知以及连贯的转型战略仍是大多数企业数字化转型实践所面临的重重阻碍。鉴于此，利用中国制造业上市公司数据，试图从高管团队稳定性视角，剖析组织层面的主观能动性在破解数字化转型困局所发挥的潜在影响。研究结果表明：高管团队稳定性对企业数字化转型有显著的正向影响；高管团队的技术熟悉度正向调节高管团队稳定性与数字化转型之间的关系；企业的股权集中度负向调节高管团队稳定性与数字化转型之间的关系；随着股权集中度的提高，技术熟悉度对高管团队稳定性与企业数字化转型的增强效应将会削弱。研究结论不仅加深了对高管团队稳定性影响企业决策的认知，而且为微观企业数字化转型实践提供了指导。