Discoverability of information on clinical trial data-sharing platforms

Objective:This study was intended to (1) provide clinical trial data-sharing platform designers with insight into users'' experiences when attempting to evaluate and access datasets, (2) spark conversations about improving the transparency and discoverability of clinical trial data, and (3) provide a partial view of the current information-sharing landscape for clinical trials.Methods:We evaluated preview information provided for 10 datasets in each of 7 clinical trial data-sharing platforms between February and April 2019. Specifically, we evaluated the platforms in terms of the extent to which we found (1) preview information about the dataset, (2) trial information on ClinicalTrials.gov and other external websites, and (3) evidence of the existence of trial protocols and data dictionaries.Results:All seven platforms provided data previews. Three platforms provided information on data file format (e.g., CSV, SAS file). Three allowed batch downloads of datasets (i.e., downloading multiple datasets with a single request), whereas four required separate requests for each dataset. All but one platform linked to ClinicalTrials.gov records, but only one platform had ClinicalTrails.gov records that linked back to the platform. Three platforms consistently linked to external websites and primary publications. Four platforms provided evidence of the presence of a protocol, and six platforms provided evidence of the presence of data dictionaries.Conclusions:More work is needed to improve the discoverability, transparency, and utility of information on clinical trial data-sharing platforms. Increasing the amount of dataset preview information available to users could considerably improve the discoverability and utility of clinical trial data.     

Factors Influencing Access to Integrated Soil Fertility Management Information and Knowledge and its Uptake among Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe

Abstract

Purpose: The study evaluated how farmer acquisition, sharing and use patterns of information and knowledge interact with different socioeconomic factors to influence integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) technology uptake.

Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted as part of an evaluation of field-based farmer learning approaches introduced by SOFECSA in Zimbabwe. Building on emerging farmer interactive platforms, data were collected using farmer participatory research approaches.

Findings: Over 90% of the farmers identified the national extension agents as the farmers' most preferred and reliable sources of information on ISFM, with farmer-to-farmer interactions ranking second. Non-governmental organisations and the print media emerged as the least trusted sources of agricultural technical information. Field-based learning centres, which enabled interactive evaluation of different ISFM options, constituted ~50%, indicating that they were major platforms for information and knowledge sharing. Uptake of ISFM was influenced by farmer resource group and farmers' visits to learning centres. Farmer experience and access to extension services were, in turn, the major factors influencing farmers' use of ISFM information. Approaches that support farmer-to-farmer interactions are required and learning centres are a suitable platform for such interactions to occur.

Practical implications: The article brings to attention the role of learning centres in fostering adoption of ISFM technologies. Insights on the need to support and strengthen agricultural extension in rural smallholder communities are provided.

Originality/value: This is a unique study exploring the role of farmer-oriented information and knowledge management in promoting complex technologies such as ISFM. A new dimension on the demands of new approaches for information dissemination to enhance knowledge sharing is presented.     

基于职业能力的高职公共英语实践教学研究

随着高等职业教育的快速发展,高职公共英语教学内容日趋突现职业化和实践性。本研究结合绍兴职业技术学院英语教学实际,从社会对职业性人才的现实需求和学生的就业来探讨高职公共英语实践教学,提出高职公共英语实践教学内容应职业化,实践教学平台应多元化。     

论创业型大学科技园区平台的建设

从国际经验来看,一所成功的创业型大学,都有至少一个成功的科技园区.相对于科研生产平台、科研管理平台来说,科技园区平台更能体现创业型大学的组织特性.我国创业型大学建设科技园区,需要关注三点:聚焦优势学科,突出特色办园;完善配套服务,形成产业链条;凸显教育属性,打造人才基地.应该说,突出某个创业学科高峰是地方院校推进创业型大学建设的主导路径,形成产业群落是创业型大学建设创业园区的普遍规律,凸显人才培养特性是创业型大学建设创业园区的基本要求.     

How commitment and platform adoption drive the e-commerce performance of SMEs: A mixed-method inquiry into e-commerce affordances

To cope with the digital transition exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, managers of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to adopt innovative practices to face uncertain scenarios and create long-term value, identified as transformational entrepreneurship practices. Among emerging digital technologies, digital platforms are shaping and outgrowing the e-commerce channel representing a potential opportunity for manufacturing SMEs to embrace digital transformation. Drawing on affordance theory, this research uses a mixed method approach to investigate how manufacturing SMEs’ e-commerce commitment and digital platform adoption stimulate the actualization of three e-commerce affordances: consumer knowledge generation, internationalization, and customer diversification. Based on survey responses from 165 manufacturing SME managers, we find that direct selling through owned websites actualizes consumer knowledge generation and internationalization, indirect selling actualizes customer diversification and internationalization, and agency selling through third-party platforms actualizes all three affordances. The relationship between e-commerce commitment and ecommerce performance is mediated by consumer knowledge generation and internationalization but not by customer diversification. A fsQCA analysis outlines seven configurations actualizing these e-commerce affordances by pairing different ecommerce approaches with degrees of e-commerce commitment. Finally, an analysis of open-ended questions from 24 respondents complements the study and deeply interprets the seven unique configurations outlined.     

智能化科研（AI4R）：第五科研范式

文章将“智能化科研”（AI4R）称为第五科研范式,概括它的一系列特征包括：（1）人工智能（AI）全面融入科学、技术和工程研究,知识自动化,科研全过程的智能化;（2）人机智能融合,机器涌现的智能成为科研的组成部分;（3）有效应对计算复杂性非常高的组合爆炸问题;（4）面向非确定性问题,概率统计模型在科研中发挥更大的作用;（5）跨学科合作成为主流科研方式,实现前4种科研范式的融合;（6）科研更加依靠以大模型为特征的科研大平台等。文章指出科研的智能化是一场科技上的革命,它带来的机遇和挑战将深刻影响中国科技发展的前途,呼吁各行业的科学家本身实现智能化转型。     

基于平台视角的政务社交媒体信息管理的问题与对策研究

[目的/意义]政务社交媒体是国家与社会重要的战略资源,它的有效归档管理,有助于推进开放政府建设。[方法/过程]本文以案例研究与文本分析的方法审查以微博、微信、今日头条为代表的社交媒体服务提供商的信息管理与条款。[结果/结论]通过研究,发现平台政策只提供有限的信息管理支持,对政务用户关注有限且专业性不足,造成政务社交媒体信息容易形成失存、失真、失控的风险。基于上述分析,本文提出平台可从如下方面构建对政务社交媒体信息的支持能力：关注与凸显政务类信息的特殊性、从用户视角完善平台政策、融合信息管理专业性要求。     

在线付费问答平台的用户付费模式及付费意愿研究

[目的/意义]随着分享经济的发展,以在线付费问答平台为代表的知识付费产品有效地实现了知识的变现,本研究以这类平台为切入点,探索用户的付费模式及付费意愿,加深对用户知识付费行为的认识。[方法/过程]通过对分答、值乎和微博问答三大平台的比较分析,总结在线付费问答平台的用户付费模式,利用问卷调查法考察用户的付费意愿及其动机。[结果/结论]研究表明,在线付费问答平台主要有两种用户付费模式：提问付费和围观付费。用户对这两种付费模式没有特别偏好,二者呈现不完全替代关系,且影响用户对这两种付费模式的付费意愿的动机因素有所不同。本研究认为,知识付费在本质上是知识驱动型的信息消费行为,同时具有明显的粉丝经济特点。     

下一代图书馆服务平台Sierra和Alma的比较研究——基于Marshall Breeding 2016年调查数据

本文首先概括了图书馆服务平台的技术和功能特征,并介绍了目前主流的图书馆服务平台,重点基于Marshall Breeding 2013-2016年相关调研用户反馈结果和统计数据,从用户对系统满意度、系统功能性、印刷型馆藏管理功能、电子资源管理功能、公司满意度、支持满意度、支持改进、公司忠诚度和开源兴趣等9个方面对Alma和Sierra两项产品进行多维分析与比较,期望为国内图书馆评估和选择LSP产品时提供参考与借鉴。