Processing procedural documents: A cognitive model for following written directions

This paper reviews empirical literature on how people use documents to perform tasks. We examine studies that have been published under the topics of: following written directions, reading maps, following instructions, using job performance aids, and processing procedural texts. Documents that contain a procedure, such as a set of directions, require transformation of information. Such transformation frequently requires converting a procedure represented verbally in a text into a procedure represented behaviorally in a performance. To accomplish this transformation, we propose that students must: (a) form a conceptual model of the performance; (b) encode procedures from the document; (c) engage in self-testing; and (d) conduct self-corrections to repair mistakes. We further propose that these operations are performed most efficiently with distinctive information resources. An overview of the task is likely to be most effective in facilitating conceptual model formation. Procedural information that emphasizes temporal characteristics of the performance will facilitate the encoding of procedures. A representation of the outcome (usually graphic) improves self-testing, and the comparison of the outcome with progress in the workspace leads to most effective self-correction. This process-resource interaction minimizes the number and complexity of transformations required to process procedural documents.     

放射性的发现和创造性思维

按照“耗散结构理论”的观点，如果系统能够发挥主体能动性，努力打破它与环境的平衡状态，经常保持与外界的接触，促使思维自身多保持一些不平衡状态，那么，创造性思维的生命力就有可能持久延年。     

学习过程自主评价的基本思路

学习过程自主评价即以学习者自己为主导、以学习过程为中心评价内容的评价。它在理念上强调过程和自主,以促进学习为基本目的,融入先进而多元化的教育理念。其方法论要点有:在学习评价总体框架中设计,与整个学习过程整合,制订灵活的评价标准,以质性评价为主。其主要方式包括:学习质量概况评价,学习活动样本评价,学案评价,学习叙事评价,成长包评价。     

福建省高等教育发展进程的SWOT分析

结合"海西时代"社会经济和教育文化外向型发展面临的新形势,运用SWOT方法回顾和分析了建国60年来作为样本的福建省域高等教育发展进程中的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁。     

ZrO2陶瓷微球成型工艺的研究

研究了用于ZrO2陶瓷微球成型的方法——内胶凝工艺,系统探讨了工艺温度、原材料的浓度以及干燥和煅烧条件对工艺及微球形貌的影响。确定了ZrO2陶瓷微球成型的最佳工艺参数,氧氯化锆原料的浓度为1.6mol/L,固化剂六次甲基四胺和尿素与金属离子的摩尔比值为0.68与0.57;成型温度控制在90℃。通过添加稳定剂Y2O3,微球具有TZP材料的结构特征。     

基于流程再造的高校科研管理协同机制研究

本文针对我国高校科研管理中普遍存在的管理职能分立、考核评估乏力、过程管理滞后等问题,引入业务流程再造理论,从管理理念、组织结构、管理方式等方面探讨了我国高校科研管理的流程再造。提出了以流程再造实践为主体,以现代管理思想和信息技术为依托,以促进高校科研管理中横向管理部门和纵向校院系组纵横协同联动为目标的立体化、全方位、无盲点的网格式科研管理协同新机制。     

基于AHP方法对构件可复用性度量模型研究

随着对构件复用实践的深入,构件库的规模也在不断地扩大。构件的可复用性的度量将影响到最终软件的质量以及基于构件的软件开发方法的运用。本文基于层次分析法的方法分析影响构件可复用性的几个属性,提出了一种软件构件可复用性度量模型,为构件库管理者、构件用户对于构件的复用性评价给出数据参考。     

基于工作过程的会计学基础课程开发

会计学基础课程是高职会计专业的专业入门必修课程,是学生专业学习和专业发展的“奠基石”。对于该课程,要在会计岗位能力分析的基础上,基于工作过程开发课程内容体系。在高职会计学基础课程教学的过程中,实施基于会计工作过程的一体化教学,能够在培养学生学习会计专业技能的基础上,培养学生综合的职业素质。     

To Get What Will Be Lost As Soon As Won——Impression of "Of the Boy and Butterfly" by John Bunyan

"Of the Boy and Butterfly" by John Bunyan tells that a boy, greatly attracted by the beautiful colors of a butterfly, got rid of any difficulties he met to catch it, but when finally he got it, he didn't get the pleasure he expected, but felt lost as soon as won. Like the beardless boy, our adults always run after some empty toys, even at all hazards, but when we get them, we find they are but painted nothings and false joys.But we should not be sad, in fact the process of running after is more enjoyable and valuable than the final result, let's enjoy it!     

学导论与尝试教学理论的契合

分析了学导论与尝试教学理论的特点，介绍了其课堂实施步骤，并提出：二者是实施素质教育的有效途径。