对汶川地震后我国中小学校舍安全政策的追踪研究

汶川地震后,笔者认真研究了改革开放三十年来我国的中小学校舍安全政策,并发表了研究文章。汶川地震已经过去两年多了,此次笔者又对汶川地震后我国中小学校舍安全政策的变化进行了追踪研究。研究发现中小学校舍安全政策有了新的进步:第一,政策理念:站在尊重生命和社会和谐的高度来看待校舍安全问题。第二,政策目标:明确提出了"综合防灾能力"的概念。第三,政策对象:体现公平,不再差别对待。第四,政策保障:组织有力,创新制度。但是校舍安全政策也面临严峻挑战:第一,信息不对称仍然是校舍安全政策进步的最大障碍。第二,校舍安全事故仍然时有发生。第三,"全国中小学校舍安全工程"之后,校舍安全政策将走向何方。面对挑战,笔者提出如下政策建议:第一,进一步加强校舍安全相关信息公开。第二,继续加大惩处力度。第三,推广地方上已见成效的先进经验。第四,建立保障校舍安全的长效机制。     

少年犯罪刑事政策的国外审视与中国选择

少年犯罪与成年人犯罪有质的不同。因此,少年犯罪刑事政策也应与普通刑事政策有所区别。明确少年犯罪刑事政策的内涵和基本精神,才能使少年犯罪刑事政策的制定不偏离方向。研究当前国外对少年犯罪的刑事政策,明确我国少年犯罪刑事政策的应然选择,对于进一步完善我国的少年犯罪刑事政策具有重要意义。     

非正式制度视角:独立学院转设政策执行分析

独立学院转设政策的执行不仅受到正式制度的约束,同时还受到非正式制度的规约。传统社会观念滞后与执行者习惯性认知偏差、沟通不畅与利益投机、伦理失范和价值偏离等非正式制度因素,阻碍着独立学院转设政策的有效执行。建议改良教育政策执行的环境、加强信息沟通,拓宽利益表达渠道、规约教育政策执行主体的行为与意识,并建构合理的义利观,以应对独立学院转设政策的非正式制度的制约。     

The disaster of the ‘self‐managing school’ – genesis,trajectory, undisclosed agenda,and effects

Sometimes an educational idea is inexplicably adopted around the world with remarkable speed and consistency and in the absence of a proper evidence base or with little regard or respect for teachers, students or learning. This paper examines what has arguably been the most contentious and virulent educational reform of the past half‐century. Variously labelled, in what amounts to the self‐managing school, what this reform has done is virtually dismantle public education and privatise it without public debate or proper scrutiny. This paper considers the alleged claims by the enthusiastic proponents and examines what has subsequently transpired, particularly in respect of the most disadvantaged students and the broader mission of improved learning.     

‘The more things change…?’: the Thatcher years and educational reform in Scotland

The period of the Thatcher Government continues to have special significance for politics and governance in Scotland. In the 11 years of the Thatcher Government, landmark legislation and reforms affected key areas of the Scottish society and economy. Education featured prominently in the Thatcherite agenda in Scotland. In Scotland, the education system’s association with national identity had particular implications for educational policy making and implementation in Scotland under the Thatcher Government. The distinctiveness of the Scottish education system presented particular problems for a government intent on challenging the social democratic consensus. Opposition to the Thatcher Government, especially its perceived attack on the social democratic underpinnings of the welfare state which included the state schooling system, re‐ignited the home rule campaign in Scotland in the late 1980s. The article examines both key legislation, namely the Education (Scotland) Act 1981, the School Board (Scotland) Act 1988 and the Self‐Governing Schools etc. (Scotland) Act 1989, and also key non‐legislative reforms to curriculum and assessment under the Thatcher Government in the area of public (state) schooling. The article argues that these reforms continue to influence the educational policy debates in Scotland today.     

Convergence in education policy? A quantitative analysis of policy change and stability in OECD countries

In this article, we quantitatively assess education policy change in OECD countries. While research has frequently underlined the importance of international exchange for national policy development, it is yet unclear whether resulting policies are converging. By distinguishing different kinds of education policy goals, we hypothesise that indicators related to macro-level goals are more likely to converge than those related to implementation. We then analyse the development of several education policies since the 1990s. We find strong convergence of some indicators and among some groups of countries, but no clear pattern emerges. Convergence is only partially influenced by the abstractness of education policy goals, and in particular the Scandinavian countries seem to pursue their own approaches in important education policy options.     

基于应用性的高职英语课程改革探究

高职教育的目标是为社会培养应用性人才,以此为背景的高职英语课程改革要以应用性为基本原则,从高职英语教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和教学成果四个方面加以推进,从而培养学生的英语综合应用能力。     

研究生英语教学质量提高途径刍议——以地方性医科院校为例

针对研究生专业学术表达的需求和研究生英语教学现状,建议将医学英语教学整合到基础英语教学,以培养研究生学术表达和交流能力;将课外学习效果考核和形成性评价纳入课程评价体系;以教师主导和学生自主相结合的学生中心型教学模式等来提高研究生的英语教学质量。     

和谐社会的刑事政策与公民参与

国家.社会本位型刑事政策符合社会发展趋势和现实国情,契合和谐社会"以人为本"的价值取向,是我国当前刑事政策改革和发展的理性选择。在国家.社会本位型刑事政策模式中,公民参与既是犯罪治理的客观必要,也是刑事政策科学化的需要,更是现代社会公民的权利要求。我国目前刑事政策实践中的公民参与,无论在参与的范围还是参与的程度等方面,都存在明显不足。在构建和谐社会的背景下,完善我国刑事政策中的公民参与,需要在社会基础构建、意识培养、制度建设等方面做出努力。     

高等教育与社会就业——一种公共政策的分析

高等教育与社会就业的关系极其复杂,一些研究发现了"就业"与"就学"的相互替代、高等教育发展与经济发展的"反周期"、高等教育调节分割的劳动力就业市场供需关系等现象,这些发现已经具有了公共政策的意义。事实上,很多国家在运用高等教育调节社会就业中取得成功。本文研究了高等教育调节社会就业的理论基础和主要经验,提出了我国现阶段运用高等教育作为公共政策工具调节社会就业的四个方面的政策选择。