A new approach to explore the knowledge transition path in the evolution of science & technology: From the biology of restriction enzymes to their application in biotechnology

In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology.     

数字调制类型的识别及实现

通信信号的调制识别是目前研究的热点问题.本文给出一种新的数字调制信号识别方法.高速数字专用芯片ADSP2101是此方法具体实现的重要器件,这一方法在实际通信中有着广泛的应用.     

有关素理想分解问题的探讨

设F为域,F不含l次本原单位根,令(4)为F的秩为1的非平凡,非阿基米德赋值,r为与其相对应的赋值环,P为r的极大理想.本文讨论了P在F的根扩张F(μ1/l)(μ∈r)中的分解形式与p在F(ξ1)(ξ1为l次本原单位根)中的任意扩张p'在F(μ1/l,ξ1)中的分解形式的关系问题[定理1,2],并讨论了F关于P的剩余类域为有限时,P'在F(μ1/l,ξ1)中的分解问题[定理3].     

湘西州经济发展滞后的原因及对策——基于宏观经济政策层面的探索与思考

加快少数民族和民族地区的发展,是我国必须着力解决的一个重要问题。本文对近年来制约湘西州经济发展的政策瓶颈作了分析和阐述,并提出了湘西州摆脱困境,发展经济的建议和意见。     

澳大利亚国家图书馆展览政策研究

[目的/意义]国内图书馆对展览政策的研究较少，而国外图书馆在相关领域有比较成熟的做法。研究国外图书馆展览政策有助于促进国内图书馆展览工作的开展。[方法/过程]通过对澳大利亚国家图书馆展览政策与展品租借政策文本的梳理与研究，探索其有益做法对我国图书馆的启示。[结果/结论]我国图书馆应从4方面完善展览工作：①重视展览工作的组织建设；②重视对展览原则的研究；③结合国家文物保护政策制定展品借出政策；④结合我国实际制定展品借入政策。     

The effect of the integration of students with special educational needs: Evidence from Chile

This paper studies the effect of the integration of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) on the academic achievement of their peers without SEN. This achievement is measured using performance in standardized reading and mathematics tests. The study also evaluates the effect of a policy that recognizes and increases resources for special educational needs that had not yet been considered and improves education provision protocols for students with SEN. Using administrative data and standardized test scores, we constructed a panel that follows a cohort of students before and after the reform, determining for each individual and year whether the class to which he/she belongs has any students with SEN. Our identification strategy employs panel data with fixed effects at the school, individual, and time levels. Estimates show that, on average, having a peer with SEN in the classroom has a negative effect on the academic performance of students without SEN. However, these effects are small and decrease, or even vanish, once better inclusion policies are in place. These results suggest that the effect on peers is almost totally canceled when more resources are provided and when adequate treatment and support protocols are implemented.     

Fake news,fake truth: A new purpose for public schooling

The world is adversely affected by the plethora of easily available fake and misleading information. Public schools are established to help generate responsible citizens.Public schools may have a role to play in addressing the fake news, fake truth problem.     

中国大陆侨资与外资发展比较研究——基于2005——2008数据分析

对近年来中国FDI数据与国侨办侨资企业数据库进行全面比较和深入研究发现,近年来的中国侨资企业发展大大超过外资成长:新批侨资企业数量连续大幅度增加且大大超过外资成长;新增侨资在全国FDI中的比重逐年提高;侨资企业平均投资额大增,并且在制造业中比重下降;新批侨资企业主要来源地分布较广,位次变化显著.这一转变根本的原因在于,大多数侨资企业在一二十年的中国经济高速快车上不断壮大,经营规模与产业层次得到提升,与世界企业的差距大大缩小,国际竞争力日益增强。这一重大转变在这次研究中首次被揭示,应引起有关部门的重视。政策取向必须随着新的形势变化应适时调整,高度重视侨资企业的发展。     

Arts education partnerships: sources of harmony and dissonance with cultural institutions’ collaborative efforts

ABSTRACT

Due to budget constraints, schools in the United States have increasingly turned to community arts organizations for support. School-community arts partnership stakeholders collaborate because of shared missions to provide students with valuable arts learning experiences. Investigations of these initiatives indicate that these partnerships improve arts learning opportunities and increase public support and resources for arts education. However, not much is known about the experiences and perspectives of the arts organizations that participate in these partnerships. Coordinating collective efforts with a multitude of institutions and interests poses challenges. In this study, we examine survey data collected from arts organization administrators who participated in a large-scale school-community arts partnership initiative. We find that these organizations are generally positive about their impacts on students’ educational outcomes, but there is substantial variation in these views. We also find that organizations differ in their levels of support for these collective efforts. Sources of this variation appear to be attributable to organizations’ preexisting resources and extent to which they are established. While this difference in levels of support is potentially inevitable, we find evidence that the operations handled by the “backbone” organization, i.e. the initiative’s facilitators and overseers, can significantly influence organizations’ levels of support for these efforts. Organizations are more likely to support these collaborative efforts when they believe the backbone organization ensures transparency with initiative operations, provides regular, effective communication, and effectively resolves competing priorities.