农村教育投入体制变迁30年：回顾与前瞻

改革开放30年以来,我国农村教育投入体制历经“两条腿走路”、“分级办学”、“以县为主”和“省级统筹”等多次演变。其中,财政投入重心变化所呈现出来的“U型”路径,正是宏观的政治、行政和财政体制演进以及政府间博弈等多重因素相互作用下的结果。而要确保农村教育发展所必需的充足经费投入,就应在大力构建宏观公共财政体制的同时,进一步完善和强化微观层面的财政监督与财务管理制度。     

Determinants of Research Productivity in Spanish Academia

This article aims to widen the empirical evidence about the determinants of Spanish academics’ publication productivity across fields of study. We use the Spanish Survey on Human Resources in Science and Technology addressed to Spanish resident PhDs employed in Spanish universities as academics. Productivity is measured as the total number of publications in a three‐year period. We show how personal and academic variables explain differences in productivity within universities and fields of studies and across fields of research. Female workers report lower productivity than their male counterparts, but family responsibilities do not explain this gender gap. The type of contract and tenure or rank do not seem to have any influence on productivity. Researchers seeking professional promotion rather than altruism or personal satisfaction are more productive and young scholars publish more than their older counterparts. Additionally, we find a certain research‐teaching trade‐off and some nuances in the predictors of publication productivity across birth cohorts and fields of study. Finally, international cooperation is one of the most relevant determinants of the number of publications, regardless of the birth cohort. The institutional context in the Spanish research system as regards requirements for promotion and the assessment of research outcomes may contribute to the understanding and interpretation of our results.     

Universal,but not free: Household schooling costs and equity effects of Uganda’s Universal Secondary Education policy

A general consensus regarding universal schooling policies is that they have boosted enrollments while ignoring the quality of learning, although there is burgeoning research interest in the extent to which such policies have contributed to more equitable educational delivery. This paper analyzes household and school level effects of Uganda’s Universal Secondary Education (USE) policy, launched in 2007. We rely on data drawn from the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) rounds in 2005 and 2009–11, which are included as part of the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS). We find that receipt of the USE capitation grant has increased substantially for most pupils, and is associated with a 60% reduction in household spending on education per child, at the lower secondary level. At the same time this relationship does not differ by wealth or by region. Further, we do not find evidence to suggest the policy boosted school attendance or retention, at the lower secondary level. Overall, our findings suggest a need for greater attention to the equity effects of universal education policies.     

Unravelling continuous assessment practice: Policy implications for teachers’ work and professional learning

Assessment policy in some countries continues to promote the use of continuous assessment (CA) within classrooms. Several policy claims have been made about the potential of CA to improve education. Using data from a 2010 evaluation of the Trinidad and Tobago Continuous Assessment Programme (CAP), canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to unravel the pattern of relationships between institutional variables, professional learning, teacher beliefs, and CA components. The CA components measured were (1) overall use, (2) multiple assessment formats use and (3) formative feedback use. Each CA component was shown to be associated with different variables, with overall use related to several teacher belief factors such as extra-role behaviour. However, multiple assessment formats use added only a small amount of unique variance to the CCA solution. Moreover, the canonical variate for formative feedback use was not statistically significant. These findings have implications for CA as a policy tool. Successful implementation of CA may require high quality professional learning as well as teacher workforce remodelling. Even when implemented successfully, however, CA may not be a useful vehicle for promoting high quality formative assessment or use of multiple assessment formats.     

Attachment,Well‐Being,and College Senior Concerns About the Transition Out of College

This study examined the relationships among attachment, psychological well‐being (PWB), life satisfaction, and concerns about the transition out of college among a sample of college seniors. A path analysis was conducted predicting that PWB and life satisfaction would mediate the relationships between attachment and 3 types of graduation transition concerns: career, change and loss, and support. Significant mediation effects affecting career concerns and change and loss concerns were discovered. Implications for college counseling are discussed.     

基于和谐:国际初等教育政策的价值取向及对中国的启示

国际初等教育政策的价值取向,是以促进初等教育自身结构及与整个教育体系和谐发展,促进人与社会以及儿童自身和谐发展为核心和旨归的。具体表现为:教育发展与投入政策的优先取向,教育机会与资源配置政策的均衡取向,教育管理与体制政策的民主取向,教育目标与质量政策的人本取向。这对我国现阶段初等教育政策的制定和完善,以及和谐教育理论与实践的探索,具有重要的借鉴意义。     

我国义务教育供求矛盾的转变与应对

我国基本普及义务教育之后,义务教育供求矛盾发生了新的变化。在未来一段时期城乡义务教育面临着不同的供求矛盾,如何应对义务教育供求矛盾的转变是当前我国教育亟待研究和解决的一个重大问题。本文分析了当前我国义务教育供求矛盾的三种表现形式,并提出促进义务教育供求均衡相应对策。     

香港中文教育政策述评

香港特区政府以“两文三语”为目标的中文教育政策,是香港总体语言政策的构成部分,文章从推广普通话、推行母语教学、以普通话教授中文及推行简化字等方面对此进行了述评。     

改革开放以来党的私营经济政策的演变

改革开放以来我党对私营经济的政策可以划分为四个阶段:即从初期的"看一看"、十五大前的"社会主义公有制经济的补充"、十五大的"社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分",到十六大的"必须毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展",这说明,随着改革开放的不断深入,党对私营经济的政策越来越完善,私营经济也在不断地发展壮大。