Dynamics and manipulation of ferroelectric domain walls in bismuth ferrite thin films

Ferroelectric domain walls differ from domains not only in their crystalline and discrete symmetry, but also in their electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties. Although domain walls provide a degree of freedom to regulate the physical properties at the nanoscale, the relatively lower controllability prevents their practical applications in nano-devices. In this work, with the advantages of 3D domain configuration detection based on piezoresponse force microscopy, we find that the mobility of three types of domain walls (tail-to-tail, head-to-tail, head-to-head) in (001) BiFeO₃ films varies with the applied electrical field. Under low voltages, head-to-tail domain walls are more mobile than other domain walls, while, under high voltages, tail-to-tail domain walls become rather active and possess relatively long average lengths. This is due to the high nucleation energy and relatively low growth energy for charged domain walls. Finally, we demonstrate the manipulation of domain walls through successive electric writings, resulting in well-aligned conduction paths as designed, paving the way for their application in advanced spintronic, memory and communication nano-devices.     

Diagnosis of CO2 dynamics and fluxes in global coastal oceans

Global coastal oceans as a whole represent an important carbon sink but, due to high spatial–temporal variability, a mechanistic conceptualization of the coastal carbon cycle is still under development, hindering the modelling and inclusion of coastal carbon in Earth System Models. Although temperature is considered an important control of sea surface pCO₂, we show that the latitudinal distribution of global coastal surface pCO₂ does not match that of temperature, and its inter-seasonal changes are substantially regulated by non-thermal factors such as water mass mixing and net primary production. These processes operate in both ocean-dominated and river-dominated margins, with carbon and nutrients sourced from the open ocean and land, respectively. These can be conceptualized by a semi-analytical framework that assesses the consumption of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to nutrients, to determine how a coastal system is a CO₂ source or sink. The framework also finds utility in accounting for additional nutrients in organic forms and testing hypotheses such as using Redfield stoichiometry, and is therefore an essential step toward comprehensively understanding and modelling the role of the coastal ocean in the global carbon cycle.     

Genomic consequences of population decline in critically endangered pangolins and their demographic histories

Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to heavy poaching and worldwide trafficking. However, their demographic histories and the genomic consequences of their recent population declines remain unknown. We generated high-quality de novo reference genomes for critically endangered Malayan (Manis javanica, MJ) and Chinese (M. pentadactyla, MP) pangolins and re-sequencing population genomic data from 74 MJs and 23 MPs. We recovered the population identities of illegally traded pangolins and previously unrecognized genetic populations that should be protected as evolutionarily distinct conservation units. Demographic reconstruction suggested environmental changes have resulted in a population size fluctuation of pangolins. Additionally, recent population size declines due to human activities have resulted in an increase in inbreeding and genetic load. Deleterious mutations were enriched in genes related to cancer/diseases and cholesterol homeostasis, which may have increased their susceptibility to diseases and decreased their survival potential to adapt to environmental changes and high-cholesterol diets. This comprehensive study provides not only high-quality pangolin reference genomes, but also valuable information concerning the driving factors of long-term population size fluctuations and the genomic impact of recent population size declines due to human activities, which is essential for pangolin conservation management and global action planning.     

黄河上游兰西城市群人口时空特征多维透视

明确区域人口时空演化特征,有助于推动人口高质量集聚。本文以多源数据为基础,采用人口重心、标准差椭圆、人口分布结构指数、人口-土地一致性系数、空间自相关分析和GIS空间统计分析等方法,从城市群整体、县、乡（镇）和栅格尺度对兰州—西宁城市群人口时空特征进行分析,得出以下结论：①兰西城市群人口呈现规模小、流动性弱、城镇化水平低、人口和城镇化率小幅缓慢增长等基本特点。②人口重心略微西移,人口分布“西北—东南”走向的空间格局基本稳定,呈“核心—外围”式空间结构,兰州、西宁和临夏是3个人口集聚中心,其中兰州市显现出人口集聚的“虹吸效应”。甘青两片人口分布格局存在差异,甘肃片区人口密度中南部高、北部低,青海片区人口以西宁为中心向其他县域“圈层”递减。③海拔是影响兰西城市群人口垂直分布格局的主要地形因素,人口分布的高程梯度效应和河谷盆地集聚指向明显,人口主要集中在海拔低于2400 m的中海拔河谷盆地内。多尺度、多视角的研究结论及相应的对策建议,可为区域人口空间优化布局提供科学依据。     

“银色数字鸿沟”的形成及弥合——基于2001-2019年的文献梳理和理论透视

党的十九大报告提出“老有所养”“加快老龄事业和产业发展”的要求.在信息化时代为老年人提供各类特色服务,已经成为我国应对人口老龄化问题的重点工作.但老年群体在获取网络信息、使用信息科技能力上相对落后,在利用数字资源参与公共生活方面明显存在差距.如何弥合“银色数字鸿沟”以提升老年人生活质量已成为重要议题.本文系统梳理国内外...     

清末石家庄兴修铁路前后的变化

石家庄是中国近代农村城市化发展的典型范例.火车轮子伴随着20世纪的钟声把石家庄拉入城市化的轨道,从20世纪初至民国前,石家庄发生了巨大变化,耕地被出卖、农业劳动力转移、外来人口聚集、商业与服务业崛起、空间建筑大改观、地理地位大提升,这林林总总的变化拉开了石家庄城市化的序幕.     

纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的实验和模拟研究

液滴撞击固体壁面现象常见于动力机械、喷雾冷却和薄膜材料沉积制备等工业生产中。将石墨烯和碳纳米管作为分散颗粒,应用超声波分散技术制备均匀性与稳定性良好的树脂基纳米流体。利用高速摄像技术,研究纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的动力学行为。基于有限元法,通过修正的幂律黏度模型耦合纳米流体的剪切变稀特性,采用水平集方法捕捉相界面的移动,建立纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的数值模型。模拟结果与实验结果较好一致,验证了数值模型的正确性与准确性。研究发现实验配制的纳米流体表现出非牛顿剪切变稀特性,纳米颗粒的加入抑制了液滴撞击固体壁面过程中的铺展和回缩行为。随着幂律指数m的减小,液滴撞击固体壁面后的铺展范围变大。随着表面张力的增大,液滴的无量纲直径在铺展阶段无明显变化,但在回缩阶段逐渐减小。     

上海人口郊区化的分形研究

运用分形理论,以上海为研究区域,结合统计分析、GIS分析技术,测算上海人口分形分维数,依据分形理论对上海区域进行人口分布和郊区化的分维刻画,探讨上海人口郊区化空间推进的规律,可以得出以下结论:人口分布分形维数的测算表明,上海人口郊区化以来,全市及中心城区的人口分布的集聚程度有所缓和,人口分形性态呈现优化,但是上海人口郊区化目前还只是近郊郊区化,还没有发展到远郊郊区化.     

照抄还是扬弃:明清时期广西户口数字辨析

明清时期中央王朝加强了对广西的控制,但作为封建政府重要工作的户口编审在广西却成效有限,户口数字在许多时候仅是赋税单位,这在明代和清前期尤为突出。通过对广西地方志资料的系统梳理和细致辨析明清时期广西的官方户口数字,指出土司地区基本上不进行户口编审,而在汉族聚居区,户口的编审也多失实,明代尤其突出。清乾隆十四年以后,虽然官方户口数字总体较为接近实际,但如果具体分析各府州县的册载户口数,仍然可以发现大量问题,因此也需慎重使用。     

系统动力学视角下国防科技信息工作体系建设研究

[目的/意义]国防科技信息工作体系,是提升国防科技信息工作质量效益的基础和保障。[方法/过程]分析了国防科技信息工作体系的概念内涵,基于系统思想剖析了国防科技信息工作体系的需求、主体、用户、内容、流程、方法、产品、机制8个构成要素。在此基础上,运用系统动力学模型,构建了国防科技信息工作体系的因果关系图和系统流程图,并仿真模拟了在诸要素相互作用下国防科技信息工作质量效益的发展变化情况。[结果/结论]研究结论有助于把握国防科技信息工作质量效益演变的客观规律,为新形势下推进国防科技信息工作体系建设提供理论支撑。