Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Micro-Structured Porous Silicon Film

Mechanical properties of micro-structured porous silicon film (PS) were studied combining X-ray diffraction with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The micro-structured porous silicon samples with different porosities ranging from 30.77% to 96.25% were obtained by chemical etching. Lattice parameters of the samples were measured using X-ray diffraction and its maximal change is up to 1.0%. This lattice mismatch with the bulk silicon substrate may introduce residual stress to the porous film. The residual stress measurement by micro-Raman spectroscopy reveals that the maximum of tensile residual stress has reached GPa level in the porous film. Moreover, the lattice mismatch and its corresponding residual stress are increasing with the porosity of PS, but average elastic modulus is about 14.5 GPa, one order of magnitude lower than that of substrate Si. The mechanical properties of PS have aclose relation with its micro-pore structure.     

模板浸渍法制备聚苯胺纳米管阵列

利用模板浸渍法制备了准一维聚苯胺纳米管阵列．通过扫描电子显微镜观察可知：纳米管是中空的管状结构，纳米管的外径约230nm，与所用模板孔径基本相当．纳米管阵列排列整齐，长度均一，彼此相互平行，管径均匀．紫外-可见光谱证明：聚苯胺纳米管阵列中高分子链部分保留了在溶液中的伸展链构型．     

Characterizations of PSD Fractal of Porous Medium

Fractalisatermusedtodescribegeometricalobjectsthatareinvariantuponthechangeoflengthscale .Manyfrac talcharactersofscaleinvarianceonporousmediumshavebeeninvestigatedduringthepastdecades[1] .Particle sizedistribution (PSD)isafundamentalpropertyofporousmedi ums.PSDofporousmediumsiscommonlyreportedintermsofthepercentagesofvariousparticle sizeintervalsandhasusuallybeenfoundtoobeypowerscalingofthetype[2 ]　　　N(≥d)∝d-Dp (1)whereN(≥d)isthenumberofparticlediameterlargerthanorequaltod ,andthepow…     

新型半导体酒精检测系统的设计

研究了一种新型的基于硅基半导体技术的酒精传感器,该传感器具有低功耗、高精度,可用于交通警察的安全检查设备.针对该传感器设计出了相应的检测系统.     

含多种多孔介质区域中流体的流动

利用Darcy定律和质量守恒定律,得到了含多种多孔介质区域中可压缩流体流动的数学模型;在适当的假设条件下,利用上下解方法,得到了模型解的存在唯一性。     

轴流管壳式换热器壳侧流体优化分布数值研究

针对大型、超大型轴流管壳式换热器壳侧流体的流动分布不均的问题,提出在进出口处增加流体分布挡板用以改进流体分布不均的现象.并且在此之前的理论研究基础上,采用多孔介质--分布阻力模型,对不同结构参教的流体分布挡板进行教值模拟研究,研完结果表明,在壳侧进出口安装流体分布挡板能够有效促进流体的均匀分布,理论分析的教学模型与数值研完结果表现为一致,通过几种不同的结构参数分布挡板的数值结果对比,表明采用第三种结构形式的挡板不但流体分布均匀,而且由于挡板存在所造成的压力损失最小.     

Unprecedented and highly stable lithium storage capacity of (001) faceted nanosheet-constructed hierarchically porous TiO2/rGO hybrid architecture for high-performance Li-ion batteries

Active crystal facets can generate special properties for various applications. Herein, we report a (001) faceted nanosheet-constructed hierarchically porous TiO₂/rGO hybrid architecture with unprecedented and highly stable lithium storage performance. Density functional theory calculations show that the (001) faceted TiO₂ nanosheets enable enhanced reaction kinetics by reinforcing their contact with the electrolyte and shortening the path length of Li⁺ diffusion and insertion-extraction. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets in this TiO₂/rGO hybrid largely improve charge transport, while the porous hierarchy at different length scales favors continuous electrolyte permeation and accommodates volume change. This hierarchically porous TiO₂/rGO hybrid anode material demonstrates an excellent reversible capacity of 250 mAh g^–1 at 1 C (1 C = 335 mA g^–1) at a voltage window of 1.0–3.0 V. Even after 1000 cycles at 5 C and 500 cycles at 10 C, the anode retains exceptional and stable capacities of 176 and 160 mAh g^–1, respectively. Moreover, the formed Li₂Ti₂O₄ nanodots facilitate reversed Li⁺ insertion-extraction during the cycling process. The above results indicate the best performance of TiO₂-based materials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries reported in the literature.     

Hierarchically structured porous materials: synthesis strategies and applications in energy storage

To address the growing energy demands of sustainable development, it is crucial to develop new materials that can improve the efficiency of energy storage systems. Hierarchically structured porous materials have shown their great potential for energy storage applications owing to their large accessible space, high surface area, low density, excellent accommodation capability with volume and thermal variation, variable chemical compositions and well controlled and interconnected hierarchical porosity at different length scales. Porous hierarchy benefits electron and ion transport, and mass diffusion and exchange. The electrochemical behavior of hierarchically structured porous materials varies with different pore parameters. Understanding their relationship can lead to the defined and accurate design of highly efficient hierarchically structured porous materials to enhance further their energy storage performance. In this review, we take the characteristic parameters of the hierarchical pores as the survey object to summarize the recent progress on hierarchically structured porous materials for energy storage. This is the first of this kind exclusively to survey the performance of hierarchically structured porous materials from different porous characteristics. For those who are not familiar with hierarchically structured porous materials, a series of very significant synthesis strategies of hierarchically structured porous materials are firstly and briefly reviewed. This will be beneficial for those who want to quickly obtain useful reference information about the synthesis strategies of new hierarchically structured porous materials to improve their performance in energy storage. The effect of different organizational, structural and geometric parameters of porous hierarchy on their electrochemical behavior is then deeply discussed. We outline the existing problems and development challenges of hierarchically structured porous materials that need to be addressed in renewable energy applications. We hope that this review can stimulate strong intuition into the design and application of new hierarchically structured porous materials in energy storage and other fields.     

Voltage-induced penetration effect in liquid metals at room temperature

Room-temperature liquid metal is discovered to be capable of penetrating through macro- and microporous materials by applying a voltage. The liquid metal penetration effects are demonstrated in various porous materials such as tissue paper, thick and fine sponges, fabrics, and meshes. The underlying mechanism is that the high surface tension of liquid metal can be significantly reduced to near-zero due to the voltage-induced oxidation of the liquid metal surface in a solution. It is the extremely low surface tension and gravity that cause the liquid metal to superwet the solid surface, leading to the penetration phenomena. These findings offer new opportunities for novel microfluidic applications and could promote further discovery of more exotic fluid states of liquid metals.