我国高职院校的现实问题与改革路径

经过30余年的发展,我国高等职业教育取得了长足进步。然而,高职院校发展仍面临结构问题、招考问题以及投入问题等体制性问题和涉及课程设置、教学方法等方面的操作性问题,这些问题导致学校与地方经济发展契合度不高,影响了学校的可持续发展。高职院校应紧密关注所在地区的实际需求,从专业结构、课程设置、服务方式、校际合作等方面进行改革,从而转型为密切联系社会的社区学院。     

我国廉租房建设存在的问题及对策研究

随着经济的发展,商品房价格的不断攀升,城镇低收入家庭的住房问题成了社会普遍关注的亟待解决的问题,而廉租住房建设就是解决这一问题的关键。近几年,我国廉租住房建设虽然取得了阶段性成果,但在实施中还存在着一些问题,对此本文提出了相应的对策建议。     

高职院校民语言学生英语教学问题探析

民语言学生的英语教学是高职院校英语教学的一个重要组成部分,针对民语言学生英语教学中存在的问题,提出了相关的应对策略。     

云南集体林地确权存在的历史问题与解决对策

明确集体林地权属是2006年启动的云南集体林权制度改革的核心内容。通过确权,将集体林地使用权、林木所有权明晰到各类林业经营主体,以法律维护集体林权的效力,保障各类经营主体的切身利益。我国的集体林权制度经历了数次变革,本次集体林地确权就遇到了历次林权改革遗留下来的一些问题。合理解决历史遗留问题,成为成功化解矛盾的关键。     

Adverse experiences in early childhood and their longitudinal impact on later behavioral problems of children living in poverty

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an identified risk factor for the social and emotional development of children. What is less known is the long-term effects of ACEs when poverty and ACEs coincide.ObjectiveUsing longitudinal cohort-panel data, we examined whether exposure to ACEs by the age of three among poor children would longitudinally result in behavioral problems at ages three, five, nine, and 15, after controlling for mothers’ socioeconomic status and their children’s characteristics.Participants and settingWe used a subsample of 2750 children and their parents living in urban poverty from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study.MethodsLogistic regression modeling was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of ACE categories predicting behavioral problems after accounting for family socioeconomic position.ResultsOur findings indicate that experiencing ACEs in early childhood was significantly associated with later behavioral outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Exposure to multiple ACEs before the age of three was significantly associated with the top-risk behavior group at age five; the odd ratios were 2.0 (CI = 1.3–3.1) and 2.9 (CI = 1.8–4.6) for two ACEs and three or more ACEs, respectively. At both ages nine and 15, children experiencing two or more ACEs had 1.9 to 3.2 times higher odds to demonstrate more the top 10th percentile of behavioral problems. Among covariates, mothers’ race and education, and children’s gender and temperament were identified as significant factors to determine behavior problems.ConclusionsThe findings support policies and programs for families with children who have experienced economic disadvantages and early childhood adversity.     

A mediational model linking perceptions of security,alexithymia and behavior problems of sexually abused children

BackgroundPerceptions of security toward parents are related with internalized and externalized problems among victims of child sexual abuse (CSA). Alexithymia, which is difficulty in identifying and expressing feelings, is associated with the quality of parent-child relationships (Oskis et al., 2013) and behavior problems in children (Di Trani et al., 2013).ObjectiveThe current study tested the mediational role of alexithymia in the relationship between perceptions of security toward parents and behavior problems among CSA victims.Participants and methodUsing a short-term multi-informant prospective design, 263 victims of CSA aged 6–12 years completed the Kerns Security Scale (Kerns, Klepac, & Cole, 1996), which evaluates perceived attachment security to mothers and fathers. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) at Time 1 to provide baseline scores of behavior problems and again four months later. At Time 2, parents also assessed the children’s alexithymia using the Children’s Alexithymia Measure (Way et al., 2010).ResultsPerceptions of security were both associated with alexithymia, as well as with internalizing and externalizing problems (p < .05). A mediational model showed that perception of security toward fathers outweighed the mother-child relationship in predicting children’s alexithymia. Path analysis revealed that the father-child relationship predicted decreased behavioral problems at Time 2 through a lower level of alexithymia. The model explained 46.9% of internalizing problems and 56.1% of externalizing problems (p < .05).ConclusionsThe findings support the relevance of alexithymia as an intervention target for CSA victims and underscore the importance of the father-child relationship.     

Emotional and behavior problems in adopted children – The role of early adversities and adoptive parents’ regulation and behavior

BackgroundEarly adversity and negative experiences in the adoptive family can put adopted children at risk for emotional and behavior problems.ObjectiveThis study analyzes the influence of children’s preadoptive history and adoptive parents’ characteristics on the psychosocial adjustment of nationally and internationally adopted children in Germany.Participants and settingThe survey included 172 adopted children aged between 24 and 145 months and their adoptive parents.MethodsParents provided information about preadoptive history. Information about emotional and behavior problems was obtained from the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental well-being was obtained through a composite score of three standardized measures (self-efficacy questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4, Brief Symptom Inventory BSI); parenting behavior was assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (DEAPQ).Results12.5% of the adopted children scored in the clinical range of the SDQ. In a multiple regression analysis, the experience of maltreatment and neglect was the most important predictor of emotional and behavior problems at time of assessment, followed by pre- and perinatal risk and parental stress regulation difficulties, R² = .423, F(4, 128) = 28.539. Increases in the number of risk factors present were associated with a greater odd of children scoring in the clinical range of the SDQ.ConclusionsMost of the nationally and internationally adopted children in this sample were well-adjusted. Prenatal and preadoptive risk as well as stress regulation capacities of the main caregiver contributed to the child’s development. An accumulation of risks increased the likelihood of adjustment problems in adopted children.     

城市化进程中失地农民心理适应问题论析

失地农民进入城市会面临某些心理不适问题,具体表现在居住变化、经济压力、就业不足与保障不力等导致的心理不安、焦虑与抵触失衡心理,以及社会交往产生的封闭自卑心理、城市认同感欠缺与市民意识缺失等。心理不适问题的产生既与城市体制性因素以及城市居民的偏见与歧视有关,也与失地农民自身人力资本不足、农村传统文化的持续影响有关。应该从物质层面做好就业与保障工作、从社会文化层面扭转生活方式与价值观念以及从个体心理层面构建心理调适机制来实现失地农民心理适应。     

论高职院校人才培养评估中的深度访谈艺术

深度访谈是高职院校人才培养工作评估中发现教学问题及成因,进而形成建设性意见的主要方式,深度访谈应坚持针对性、和谐性、适度性原则,做好访谈提纲等前期准备工作,并在访谈过程中恰当把握切入点、机智提问、控制谈话方向和节奏、善于倾听、捕捉细节、深入挖掘信息、谨慎评价、巧妙回应等访谈技巧。     

近年来高考加分政策问题研究述评

随着2010年11月14日教育部等五部门联合签发《关于调整部分高考加分项目和进一步加强管理工作的通知》（教学[2010]10号）的下发,高考加分项目调整拉开了新一轮帷幕,社会对高考加分问题的关注掀起了又一波高潮。通过对近年来有关高考加分政策问题方面的研究成果进行梳理,有助于总结已有的研究成果,并进一步拓展对该问题的研究深度,进而完善我国的高考加分政策。