二次锥面与平面的位置关系的研究

本文给出了判定二次锥面和平面的位置关系的方法,并对命题加以了证明．     

农村公共物品供给的制度困境及对策研究

农业税减免后农村公共物品的供给以农村社区“一事一议”的方式进行,调研发现,由于民主决策机制中必备条件的现实缺失,使得“一事一议”制度实际已陷入了公共物品供给低效的困境。对此,应当积极发挥基层党组织的内在功能,从现实层面弥合“一事一议”制度运行当中的条件缺失,通过对该制度的现实调适达到有效供给公共物品的目的。为此,必须保证农村基层党组织内在应有功能的有效发挥,遵循党中央关于建设社会主义新农村的总体思路,并进行相应的制度建构。     

从公共产品理论看美国联邦政府对职业教育的立法干预

近百年来,美国联邦政府通过一系列的职业教育立法,不断强化了国家对职业教育发展的导向功能,相比之下,联邦宪法为各州所保留的教育主导权却更多居于从属的地位。本文从公共产品理论切入这个问题,并从南北战争后职业教育公共产品特征的显现以及联邦立法对公共产品特征的保障两个方面进行了阐释。     

孔组轴线间的位置误差控制方法分析

本文通过对孔组轴线间的位置误差的控制项目、公差值计算和在生产实际中,对其公差带形状的要求等几个方面进行分析,得出用位置度公差控制孔组轴线间的位置误差,是既经济又合理的选择,在生产实际中有一定的指导意义。     

Global cultural capital and global positional competition: international graduate students’ transnational occupational trajectories

International graduate students’ occupational trajectories have rarely been studied, although many studies exist on their learning experiences in foreign universities. Based on 80 qualitative interviews, this article aims to understand how, where, and why these students obtain jobs in academe and corporations. I focus particularly on Korean professionals who received graduate degrees from US universities and who later obtained jobs in Korea or the United States. The theoretical component of this work is based on two important concepts – global cultural capital and global positional competition – both of which are seen to be based on a global hierarchy of academic degrees and professional knowledge. This study empirically tests and elaborates Phillip Brown’s three rules of inclusion and exclusion in global positional competition. By looking at international students’ transnational occupational trajectories, this study aims to understand how global education, transnational job opportunities, and social inclusion and exclusion interact in diverse ways.     

Heart of darkness: modeling public–private funding interactions inside the R&D black box

This paper is a first step toward closing the analytical gap in the extensive literature on the results of interactions between public and private R&D expenditures, and their joint effects on the economy. A survey focusing on econometric studies in this area reveals a plethora of sometimes confusing and frequently contradictory estimates of the response of company-financed R&D to changes in the level and nature of this category of public expenditures. Yet, a theoretical framework seldom is provided within which the empirical results are to be interpreted. Some such structure is necessary, in view of the multiple channels through which public research can affect private R&D performance, especially as not all the effects flow in the same direction. A major cause of “inconsistencies” in the empirical literature is the failure to recognize key differences among the various policy “experiments” being considered — depending upon the economy in which they are embedded, and the type of public sector R&D spending that is contemplated. Using a simple, stylized structural model, we identify the main channels of impact of public R&D. We thus can characterize the various effects, distinguishing between short- and long-run impacts that would show up in simple regression analyses of nominal public and private R&D expenditure variables. Within the context of our simple model it is possible to offer interpretations that shed light on recent cross-section and panel data findings at both high (i.e., national) and low (specific technology area) levels of aggregation.     

摆脱农村公共物品供给的制度困境：新农村视野中基层党组织的功能审视与制度建构——基于河北安新的实践调研

农业税减免后我国农村公共物品的供给以农村社区一事一议的方式进行。由于民主决策机制中必备条件的现实缺失,使得一事一议制度实际已陷入了公共物品供给低效的困境。对此,应当正视并积极发挥农村基层党组织的内在功能,加强农村基层组织建设,进行相应的制度建构,弥合一事一议制度运行当中的缺失条件,达到有效供给公共物品的目的。     

Committing to vaccine R&D: a global science policy priority

The amount of vaccine R&D performed, especially that geared towards health issues affecting the developing world, is relatively modest. Despite immunisation representing the most effective tool for achieving disease eradication, and the general consensus being optimistic about the development of a vaccine capable of fighting AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, neither private nor public entities are investing sufficiently in the field. Reasons can be associated both with a lack of market incentives as well as with the low priority that these diseases are given on Western political agendas. However, seen through a “Global Public Good” lens, it appears to be in the interest of high-income countries, and their governments in particular, to invest public resources – financial and infra-structural – in vaccine R&D for global pandemics. The paper suggests managing international cooperation through the creation of a global fund. It discusses a number of proposals put forward in the existing literature and offers a range of policy options.     

1999—2009年我国农村义务教育供给主体嬗变研究

1999—2009年,我国农村义务教育供给主体包括政府、私人和第三部门。1999年税改前政府和私人(农民)共同承担主要供给责任。2000年税改后,依赖于省级以上政府供给的增加,政府供给比重逐年攀升,成为绝对的供给主体,私人(农民)逐渐淡出农村义务教育供给领域,民办学校举办者的供给作用有限。第三部门作为供给主体始终未充分发挥作用。我国农村义务教育政府供给的嬗变路径为税改前乡级政府供给—税改后至新机制前县级政府供给—新机制后省级政府供给。     

论非政府组织在公共产品提供过程中的定位

在公共产品提供过程中,政府是主要的供给主体,但面对多元化的治理趋势,政府在提供公共产品过程中存在明显的不足,而非政府组织以其独特的优势在公共产品供给中发挥着重要的作用。但是在社会转型时期,法律体制还不够健全,非政府组织的相关定位还不够明确,对政府部门过度依赖,缺乏自主性。因此,本文试图理顺政府和非政府组织的关系,加强非政府组织的自身建设,创造其良性发展的制度平台。