The learning potential of online student-constructed tests with citing peer-generated questions

In view of contribution-based pedagogy and observational learning theory, students’ perceived uses, preferences, usage, and selection considerations with regard to citing peers’ work were examined in an online learning environment targeting student-constructed tests. Data were collected from 84 fifth-grade students who participated in online student-constructed tests with and without citing in an 11-week study. Quantitative and qualitative data in response to an end-of-session questionnaire and actual online citing behaviour were analyzed. Several major findings were obtained. First, significantly more participants supported and preferred “citing” over “no citing” for online student-constructed tests. Second, data with regard to perceived uses, preferences, and reported usage all supported the potential of citing for providing an observational learning space. Third, citing allowed the participants to attend to areas pinpointed by their peers but initially ignored by them, thus making social construction of knowledge possible. Fourth, the quality and the author of the item are the two determining factors affecting citing decisions. Fifth, a statistically significant positive correlation between students’ academic achievement and their generated questions cited by peers was confirmed. Finally, actual online citing behaviour varied greatly among participants, with the majority using the citing function during online test-construction to various extents.     

试论我国农村劳动力的转移机制

本文以黑龙港地区为例,深入探讨了我国农村剩余劳动力转移过程中的作用力机制,提出了目前制约我国农村劳动力转移的基本三要素,从而以此将劳动力的转移过程划分为积极型与消极型两种类型,并明确指出:积极型转移应是当今我国农村劳动力转移的基本模式.     

现代课程与教学论视野中的教育范式

借鉴库恩的范式概念,反思现代教育的思想和实践,我们可以区分出三种不同的教育范式:实证主义范式、建构主义范式和批判—解放范式。由于这三种教育范式对课程、教学以及教师的地位、专业活动目标和专业成长道路都持有不同的观点,通过比较分析,可以为我们提供检视教育思想、反思教育现实的参照框架,从而深化教育改革。     

Evaluating a Web-Based Listening Programme for Chinese University Non-English Majors

With the development of information technology, computer-assisted language learning is becoming a trend in foreign language teaching environment. It is argued that characterized by the universal availability of authentic materials, the multimedia capability and the nonlinear （hypermedia） structure of the information, the World Wide Web have the potential to enhance language learning. This paper evaluates a web-based listening programme in terms of language learning potential, learner fit, authenticity and impact. It concludes with the appropriateness of the tasks designed in this programme.     

高校政治辅导员的工作方略

政治辅导员,其工作直接影响到社会主义现代化建设人才的培养。由于大学生特点的变化,要求政治辅导员必须要有健全的素质结构,规范的工作理念,从“以人为本”的定位出发,确立正确的工作路向,紧跟时代旋律,“既要做学生的良师,更要做学生的益友”。     

Learning outdoors and living well? Conceptual prospects for enhancing curriculum planning and pedagogical practices

In aiming to support school-based outdoor learning opportunities, this paper critiques the extent to which Deweyan and neo-Aristotelian theorising is helpful in highlighting how personal growth and practical wisdom gains can be realised. Such critique is necessary, as there are signs of an implementation gap between practice and policy, which is made worse by a lack of conceptual clarity about how educational aspirations can be dependably achieved. Dewey’s habit-forming social constructivist emphasis on learning and problem-solving is reviewed and the prospects of a neo-Aristotelian conception of human flourishing, which recognises that virtues are nurtured as moral sensitivities, are then considered. Concerns that Dewey’s writings are often vague on how ideas can be operationalised and criticisms that Aristotle’s educational thoughts rather over-privilege cognition relative to emotions are also addressed. The article concludes by teasing out suggestions on how Deweyan and neo-Aristotelian ideas on learning might coherently inform curriculum planning and pedagogical practices.     

电化学法合成L-磺基丙氨酸的机理研究

以L 胱氨酸和氢溴酸为原料 ,采用间接电氧化法合成L 磺基丙氨酸的循环伏安行为 ,研究表明 ,阳极发生典型的EC催化过程 ,电极反应和后续化学反应互相促进 ,反应速度快 ,电流效率高。交流阻抗法和电势阶跃法测得电极反应和后续化学反应速率常数分别为 6 11× 10 -4s-1和 0 80s-1。     

多孔超弹性矩形板中微孔的增长

The analyses of finite deformation and stress for a hyperelastic rectangular plate with some voids under an uniaxial extension were conducted. The governing differential equations were given from the incompressibility condition of the material. The solution was approximately obtained from the minimum potential energy principle. The growth of voids was discussed. One can see that an initial central circular-cylinder void becomes an elliptic-cylinder void, but an initial non-centeral circular-cylinder void becomes an elliptic-like cylinder void and the center of void has a shift. The stress distributions along the edges of voids were given and the phenomenon of stress concentration was observed. The influences of the distribution manner and size of voids, as well as the distance between them on the growth of voids were analyzed.     

非参数项目反应理论模型及其在教育考试中的应用

非参数项目反应理论模型包括单调均匀性模型和双单调模型。用单调均匀性模型对某英语听力考试结果研究发现,按照顺序选择法,可从16道听力试题中选出11道满足要求的试题,组成单维量表。用考生在这11道试题上的总得分对考生进行排序与按照潜质排序等效。利用双单调模型对11道听力试题组成的单维量表进行试题功能偏差研究发现,有5道试题在女生子群体中的排序与在男生子群体以及整个群体排序不同,显示女生子群体作出正确应答的概率明显高于男生子群体作出正确应答的概率。这种差异至少部分是由两个子群体听力能力上的差异引起的。     

Processing procedural documents: A cognitive model for following written directions

This paper reviews empirical literature on how people use documents to perform tasks. We examine studies that have been published under the topics of: following written directions, reading maps, following instructions, using job performance aids, and processing procedural texts. Documents that contain a procedure, such as a set of directions, require transformation of information. Such transformation frequently requires converting a procedure represented verbally in a text into a procedure represented behaviorally in a performance. To accomplish this transformation, we propose that students must: (a) form a conceptual model of the performance; (b) encode procedures from the document; (c) engage in self-testing; and (d) conduct self-corrections to repair mistakes. We further propose that these operations are performed most efficiently with distinctive information resources. An overview of the task is likely to be most effective in facilitating conceptual model formation. Procedural information that emphasizes temporal characteristics of the performance will facilitate the encoding of procedures. A representation of the outcome (usually graphic) improves self-testing, and the comparison of the outcome with progress in the workspace leads to most effective self-correction. This process-resource interaction minimizes the number and complexity of transformations required to process procedural documents.