Contextual factors on physical demands in professional women’s soccer: Female Athletes in Motion study

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of contextual factors on relative locomotor and metabolic power distances during professional female soccer matches. Twenty-eight players (forwards, n?=?4; midfielders, n?=?12; defenders, n?=?12) that competed in a 90-min home and away match (regular season only). The generalised estimating equations (GEE) was used to evaluate relative locomotor and metabolic power distances for three contextual factors: location (home vs. away), type of turf (natural vs. artificial), and match outcome (win, loss and draw). No differences were observed for home vs. away matches. Moderate-intensity running (20.0?±?1.0?m?min^?1 and 16.4?±?0.9?m?min^?1), high-intensity running (8.6?±?0.4?m?min^?1 and 7.3?±?0.4?m?min^?1) and high-metabolic power (16.3?±?0.5?m?min^?1 and 14.4?±?0.5?m?min^?1) distances were elevated on artificial turf compared to natural grass, respectively. Relative sprint distance was greater during losses compared with draws (4.3?±?0.4?m?min^?1 and 3.4?±?0.3?m?min^?1). Overall physical demands of professional women’s soccer were not impacted by match location. However, the elevation of moderate and high-intensity demands while playing on artificial turf may have implications on match preparations as well as recovery strategies.     

周文骏先生史学研究的独立意志与求实精神——以《中国图书馆学研究史稿》为例证

周文骏先生持唯物史观,讲客观原则,重历史真实,守学术良知,治史甚为严谨。他具有独立于思想意识形态之外的求实精神,做到不隐晦、不遮掩,加上挖掘的史料之深及对历史事件较全面的把握,使得《中国图书馆学研究史稿》有着更为纯真的史学品性,从中能窥见学科发展的一些规律和理数。     

高校图书馆采编工作业务外包

介绍了国内外图书馆采编工作业务外包的现状,对采访和编目工作实行业务外包的特点以及实行业务外包后采编工作的重心、对业务外包实行绩效评估的意义、对业务外包后带来图书馆人力资源的矛盾和采编工作走向社会化的必然趋势进行了述评。     

Physiological and biomechanical responses between seated and standing positions during distance‑based uphill time trials in elite cyclists

Cyclists regularly change from a seated to a standing position when the gradient increases during uphill cycling. The aim of this study was to analyse the physiological and biomechanical responses between seated and standing positions during distance-based uphill time trials in elite cyclists. Thirteen elite cyclists completed two testing sessions that included an incremental-specific cycling test on a cycle ergometer to determine VO_2max and three distance-based uphill time trials in the field to determine physiological and biomechanical variables. The change from seated to standing position did not influence physiological variables. However, power output was increased by 12.6% in standing position when compared with seated position, whereas speed was similar between the two positions. That involved a significant increase in mechanical cost and tangential force (F_tang) on the pedal (+19% and +22.4%, respectively) and a decrease (?8%) in the pedalling cadence. Additionally, cyclists spent 22.4% of their time in the standing position during the climbing time trials. Our findings showed that cyclists alternated between seated and standing positions in order to maintain a constant speed by adjusting the balance between pedalling cadence and F_tang.     

Performance differences when using 26- and 29-inch-wheel bikes in Swiss National Team cross-country mountain bikers

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of bike type – the 26-inch-wheel bike (26“ bike) and the 29-inch-wheel bike (29“ bike) – on performance in elite mountain bikers. Ten Swiss National Team athletes (seven males, three females) completed six trials with individual start on a simulated cross-country course with 35 min of active recovery between trials (three trials on a 26“ bike and three trials on a 29“ bike, alternate order, randomised start-bike). The course consisted of two separate sections expected to favour either the 29“ bike (section A) or the 26“ bike (section B). For each trial performance, power output, cadence and heart rate were recorded and athletes’ experiences were documented. Mean overall performance (time: 304 ± 27 s vs. 311 ± 29 s; P < 0.01) and performance in sections A (P < 0.001) and B (P < 0.05) were better when using the 29“ bike. No significant differences were observed for power output, cadence or heart rate. Athletes rated the 29“ bike as better for performance in general, passing obstacles and traction. The 29“ bike supports superior performance for elite mountain bikers, even on sections supposed to favour the 26“ bike.     

Social Inclusion – Social Exclusion: Physical Exercise as Means Between Strengthening Individuals and Integration into Collectivities

Abstract

Physical exercise, beyond the mere physical aspect, is very much a social construct. But it is as well a means of constructing the social and as such it can be used in different ways. The contribution, taking a broad comparative perspective, will reflect on two major possibilities: the one may be called social inclusion as subordination and the other can be looked at as a matter of social inclusion by strengthening individuals. This also allows an understanding of new dangers of exclusion in the era of liquid modernity.     

浅析足球运动员意志品质及培养方法

阐述了足球运动中意志品质的作用和地位、培养足球运动员意志品质的意义及各种方法.     

新中国成立70年来我国体育发展的经验启示及未来路径

采用文献资料和逻辑分析等研究方法，回顾新中国成立70年来我国体育发展历程和主要成就，总结历史经验为更好地发展中国体育事业提供智力支持。其发展历程可分为建国初期旧体育改造与人民"新体育"建设、社会主义建设初期的体育发展道路初探、"文革"时期的停滞不前与缓慢恢复、改革探索期的目标探究与路径探寻、改革建制期的体制改革与方式转型，以及改革攻坚期的体育强国新征程六个阶段。总结认为：我国体育发展的成功经验在于"四项坚持"，即坚持为人民服务的宗旨；坚持中国特色社会主义体育发展道路；坚持普及与提高相结合的发展方针；坚持改革创新的发展动力。步入改革攻坚的新时代，体育事业发展要始终坚持以下路径：加快体育强国建设步伐，提高体育在社会主义现代化建设中的战略地位；着力于发展攻坚的重点，解决中国体育发展不平衡不充分的首要问题；贯彻和落实"全民健身"和"健康中国"两大战略，满足人民群众幸福生活的根本追求；正确处理全民健身、竞技体育、体育产业和体育文化四者之间的关系和位置，克服倚轻倚重的苗头或弊端，促进各类体育事业融合发展。     

Efficiency,unused capacity and transmission power as indicators of the Triple Helix of university–industry–government relationships

In this paper, we show that an information source composed with n random variables may be split into 2ⁿ or 2ⁿ − 1 “states”; therefore, one could compute the maximum entropy of the source. We derive the efficiency and the unused capacity of an information source. We demonstrate that in more than two dimensions, the transmission's variability depends on the system configuration; thus, we determine the upper and the lower bounds to the mutual information and propose the transmission power as an indicator of the Triple Helix of university–industry–government relationships. The transmission power is defined as the fraction of the total ‘configurational information’ produced in a system; it appears like the efficiency of the transmission and may be interpreted as the strength of the variables dependency, the strength of the synergy between the system's variable or the strength of information flow within the system.     

From data source to co-researchers? Tracing the shift from ‘student voice’ to student–teacher partnerships in Educational Action Research

This article provides a review of the concept of student voice as it has been represented in Educational Action Research from the 1990s to the present day. Contextualised within an exploration of the challenges posed by educational action research that incorporates student voice in the current age of accountability as reflected and understood in academia, we explore issues of power and authority, issues of process and issues of ownership as they emerge in the literature. We note ways in which these challenges are manifest in primary and secondary schooling and in tertiary education. Finally, we survey some recent representations of student voice in Educational Action Research, observing something of a shift from earlier conceptualisations of students as a ‘data source’ to a more active involvement as co-researchers and joint constructors of knowledge, progressing toward more active student–teacher partnerships.