高校学生心理健康教育的探索和思考

分析了当前高校大学生的主要心理健康问题,并以浙江万里学院心理健康教育工作的实践和探索为基础,提出了高校学生心理健康教育体系的构想.     

高职院校学生健康心理素质与复合型人才的培养

要重视高职学生的健康心理素质,使学生树立健康良好的心态,增强竞争意识和创新意识,从而引 导学生在更大的程度上实现人的自我价值,促进高职学生的全面发展,为社会主义现代化建设培养出优秀的 复合型人才。     

Professional development of kindergarten teachers in Croatia – a personal choice or an obligation

The quality of educational processes with children of preschool age and long-term educational outcomes are largely related to the work quality of teachers. Lifelong learning and professional development, as predictors of quality, need to be regarded as an ongoing task for kindergarten teachers. Findings of an empirical study of Croatian kindergarten teachers’ views (N = 388) on professional development point to a link between teachers’ intrinsic motivation and their professional development. Motivation explains 46.87% of the variance Personal commitment to professional development. A slight positive correlation was found between the level of formal education and the frequency of professional development (r = .216, p < .01). Although the level of education of kindergarten teachers is not a good independent predictor, it affects readiness to self-fund professional development (p < .01). As for the significance of conferences as a form of professional development, participants of the study identified them as an effective opportunity (M = 4.68, SD = .52), promoting both quality practices (M = 4.69, SD = .54) and exchange of experiences (M = 4.68, SD = .56). The length of participants’ professional work experience affects their assessment of the significance of practitioners’ networking as a way of improving the quality of everyday practices (F = 1.43, p < .05).     

Responding to the challenge of providing stronger research base for teacher education: research discourses in the Norwegian national research school for teacher education

Background and purpose: The purpose of this article is to shed light on how the research projects of 140 PhD candidates in the National Research School for Teacher Education in Norway (NAFOL) respond to the challenges faced by Norwegian teacher education regarding the demand for higher competence and a stronger research base. The concept of NAFOL is of interest from an international perspective because of its focus on facilitating teacher educators to achieve a PhD. Since 2001, Norwegian educational policy has had a strong focus on strengthening teacher education and making it more research-based than before. From 2017, all new teachers in Norway are expected to take a master’s degree. In order to accomplish this, there is a need for many new supervisors with a PhD in teacher education institutions. NAFOL is a unique project: a consortium of 23 participating network institutions within teacher education. The research school includes 140 research fellows, all of whom wish to achieve a PhD suitable for work in teacher education. The research school is funded by the Norwegian Research Council, originally for a project period from 2010 to 2016. The research school has had a positive external midway evaluation, and the project period has been extended with four cohorts of students to the end of 2021. However, this study is the first one looking into the research projects of this young generation of teacher education researchers. The research question posed in this article is: how do the research projects of the NAFOL PhD candidates contribute to the research base in teacher education? Main argument: The main argument in this article is that the potential impact of this research school is dependent on the quality of the large number of PhD projects connected to teacher education and education in general developed within the research school. The quality is likely to be good because, among other reasons, these projects are scrutinised by the research school community. The challenges these research projects face, located as they are between solidarity regarding grants from the funds financing the PhD candidates, solidarity with the aims of education, and the wish to contribute to innovation, might prove to be able to be met. These research projects have the potential to create innovation in teacher education research through ‘border crossing’ between different educational discourses, as well as through creating new knowledge in meta-studies based on the results from several projects. Sources of evidence and method: In this article, project abstracts from 140 PhD candidates participating in NAFOL are analysed in terms of their theme and problem formulation. The analysis is inspired by discourse analytical thinking – namely that in a certain situation, several conditions for action exist. In this study, these conditions for action are made apparent in the choice of theme and problem formulation in the research projects. The content analysis is focused on ‘signal words’, because these words might signal positioning in different educational discourses. Results: In the study, three main discourses can be seen as influencing the choice of topic and the problem formulation in the projects: a goal-oriented educational discourse, a ‘Bildung’ (i.e. character formation, or personal growth – ‘danning’ in Norwegian) and democracy discourse, and a critical knowledge-producing discourse. These discourses are constituted when the PhD candidates start their research projects but the conditions for action are ever-changing and, hence, the findings in this study cannot, of course, be considered as ‘final’. The development of these discourses within the research community of NAFOL is one way of scrutinising the research projects in order to make a contribution to qualified teacher education research. Conclusion: ‘Border crossing’ between discourses in research projects concerned with what might be, and what can make a difference in a knowledge society could be a key way of enhancing the future for a young generation of researchers in teacher education. The research projects carried out by the PhD candidates in NAFOL have the potential to develop both new knowledge and new discourses of importance for Norwegian teacher education, as well as for a broader international context regarding professional development in teacher education and education in general. The view of the teacher education profession – and on what a teacher educator can be – could become more fully informed than before the candidates’ participation in the research school.     

问题学生的自我概念研究

本研究以初一至初三年级197名问题学生和136名普通学生为对象,对问题学生的自我概念及其相关因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)问题学生的自我概念除初三学生外一般比普通学生低,这与普通学生的自我概念在初三显著降低有关;(2)问题学生的自我概念不存在显著的年级或年龄差异,而普通学生的自我概念表现出明显的年级差异和年龄效应;(3)问题学生的父母教养方式和负性生活事件所带来的应激与其自我概念的发展存在极其显著的相关。而问题学生的负性生活事件应激强度显著高于普通学生;(4)问题学生的自我概念可以显著预测其心理健康水平,提示自我概念的发展水平是影响问题学生心理健康状况的重要因素之一。     

论人文精神在高职教育中的特殊价值

人文精神是以关注人为核心，以全人类文明进步为参照体的思想状态，是历史演进的实践与心灵的产物．在科教兴国的今天，在高职教育中充分发挥和拓展人文精神的特殊价值有重要意义。为进一步拓展人文精神，应从以下三个方面着手：一、以人为本，增强大学生自觉的主体意识；二、注重全面教育，促进大学生整体素质的发展；三、集思广益，优化校园文化环境。     

析运动员赛前排泄频繁的成因

运动员赛前排泄频繁，主要特征是小便次数明显增多和不停的出汗，这种反应，实际上是心理诱导的作用，视为应激性排泄频繁。通过应激学说的论证原理如何加强赛前心理训练的原则和方法，可以缓解和消除赛前紧张和焦虑的应激刺激，使运动员水平得到充分的发挥。     

发挥高职教育优势的对策与建议

高职教育的优势体现在人才、行业、能力、专业和地域五个方面，应对它有更深刻地认识。要采取相关的对策，加大实践教学基地建设的投资力度，组建教育集团，加速高职教师队伍的培养，使高职教育更有利于高级应用性人才的培养。     

思维方式:本质及其心理机制

思维方式是指在人类社会发展的一定阶段上,思维主体在先前的实践和认识基础上,按照自身特定的知识、观念、语言、情感与意志、个性倾向等,运用思维工具去接受、反映、理解、加工客体对象或客体信息的思维活动的样式,并形成化心理深层结构的“硬核”。这一概念吸收了哲学、心理学、社会化学等层面对思维方式理解的合理内核。     

弱智学生合作与分享行为的干预实验研究

从北京市西城区培智中心学校抽取了两个班学生(实验班6人,对照班9人)作为被试,进行了为期三周的合作与分享行为的干预实验。实验结果表明:(1)“行为示范与讲解———角色扮演及相关活动———适宜行为的及时强化———行为迁移训练”的干预模式对弱智学生合作行为的干预效果显著;(2)该模式短期内对弱智学生分享行为的干预效果不显著;(3)弱智学生的合作与分享行为之间存在显著的相关。