可行能力贫困:阅读困难群体的实质性特征

[目的/意义] 旨在厘清"阅读困难群体"的研究对象,分析产生阅读困难问题的原因,提出解决这些人阅读困难问题的策略。[方法/过程] 引入经济学中分析贫困问题根源的"可行能力方法"分析阅读困难群体的问题,从人的能力发展的角度考察阅读困难产生的原因,从而提出解决策略。[结果/结论] 可行能力贫困是阅读困难群体的实质性特征,可行能力贫困产生的原因在于阅读困难群体的"内在性"阅读困难、"结构性"阅读困难以及"生命敏感期"的脆弱性。增强阅读困难群体选择的"能力"与"机会"是扩展可行能力的关键,也是未来图书馆解决阅读困难群体问题的方向。     

论英语课堂语法教学的可行性

语法在我国外语教学中一直占据重要位置。近年来交际教学理论的兴起促使人们对语法教学收效低这一事实进行反思。本从交际教学理论、语言习得理论以及外语学习的本质出发。对语法教学的可行性进行研究，认为语法教学不是不重要而是教不得法，并针对语法教学提出建设性的建议。     

The different faces of controlling teaching: implications of a distinction between externally and internally controlling teaching for students’ motivation in physical education

Background: In Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a well-validated macro-theory on human motivation, a distinction is made between internally controlling teaching practices (e.g. guilt-induction and shaming) and externally controlling practices (e.g. threats and punishments, commands). While both practices are said to undermine students’ motivation, they would do so through somewhat differential motivational processes. Unfortunately, the relevance of the conceptual distinction between internally and externally controlling strategies has not been examined systematically. In the context of sport and physical education (PE), most studies on controlling teaching have either measured controlling teaching in an undifferentiated way or have focused on one particular feature of controlling teaching.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a more fine-grained picture on the differential de-motivational effects of internally and externally controlling teaching strategies in the domain of PE.

Participants: A total of 925 students with an average age of 15.80 years (±1.99) coming out of 92 classes taught by 22 different PE teachers participated in the present study.

Data analysis: Data on perceived controlling teaching style and students’ motivation were analyzed within a multilevel framework from both a variable-centered (regression analyses) and person-centered approach (cluster analyses).

Results: We found evidence for a distinction between perceived internally and externally controlling teaching. Both teaching styles were strongly related to each other (r?=?.54). At the level of zero-order correlations, both internally and externally controlling teaching related negatively to students’ intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and related positively to introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. However, when both teaching styles were included simultaneously as predictors of motivation in the regression analyses, only internally controlling teaching predicted poor quality and low quantity of motivation. A cluster analysis revealed different profiles of perceived controlling teaching style, with two profiles being characterized by either high or low levels of the two types of controlling teaching and other profiles displaying elevated or reduced levels of one of the types of controlling teaching. This person-centered analysis confirmed that particularly students who perceive their PE teacher as internally controlling are likely to report poor-quality motivation.

Conclusion: Controlling teaching (and internally controlling teaching in particular) is related to maladaptive motivational outcomes. As such, it can be advised to PE-practitioners to refrain from using controlling strategies when teaching students. More research is needed to identify the conditions under which teachers’ behavior is perceived as externally and/or internally controlling.     

浅谈女子竞技健美操力量训练方法

竞技健美操对力量素质的要求越来越高 ,它已成为决定运动成绩的主要因素之一 ,本文就女子竞技健美操运动员在力量训练中手段的选择以及上肢力量、下肢力量、腰腹力量训练的方法和注意事项进行了论述 .     

对以人为本新型教育模式的理论探析

为全面适应21世纪知识经济时代的发展要求,在实现由知识型教育(应试教育)向创造性教育(素质型教育)的转轨过程中,一种建立在以人为本教育理念基础上的教育观念和教育模式应运而生。本文在概括以人为本的新型教育模式类型和基本特征的基础上,对新型教育模式和传统教育模式理论和实践上的区别、联系进行深入探讨,指出现代教育理论对教育模式的深刻影响,明确了新型教育模式的研究方向。     

论大学教师专业发展的途径

大学教师的专业化发展是高校教师资源开发和学科建设的核心内容,它在保障和提升大学教育质量方面发挥了重要作用。各国大学教师专业发展的内容、程度和实现途径虽不尽相同,但也存在诸多相通之处。本文主要从学术研究、学位课程学习、教学实践和国际教育交流四个方面,论析当今大学教师专业发展的途径及其作用。     

英语广告双关语的运用技巧及其语用分析

双关作为一种有效的修辞手段,备受广告撰稿人的青睐.本文从谐音双关、语义双关、内涵双关及语法双关等几方面概述了广告双关语的运用技巧,并从语用学角度对广告双关语的合理使用进行了分析.     

国际商务索赔谈判的语用策略

在国际商务索赔谈判中，索赔方为圆满达成索赔协议，可采用清楚准确、委婉得体、义正辞严等三种语用策略。     

跨文化交际的语用对比研究

不同语言在不同化中的语用差异成为跨化交际中的障碍，从称呼用语、打招呼用语、礼貌用语、介绍、问候、寒暄及告别等方面分辨英、汉语的语用差异有利于跨化交际。     

商贸口译中的语用失误例析

本文以语用学的语用失误理论为指导，通过对商贸口译中存在的语用失误现象的研究，探讨了商贸口译中语用失误的表现形式及其成因，并说明了这些语用失误对口译交流可能造成的负面影响。