宫内节育器异位妊娠原因的临床分析

通过对4年来就诊的858例异位妊娠病人的临床资料进行综合整理,分析放置宫内节育器（IUD）140例与异位妊娠发生率的关系,认为带宫内节育器的妇女易并发盆腔炎症,其异位妊娠的发病率增加,误诊率增高,因此放置宫内节育器前了解适应症和禁忌症是至关重要的.     

Development of Long Live Love+, a school-based online sexual health programme for young adults. An intervention mapping approach

This paper describes the development of a Dutch online programme called Long Live Love+ focusing on positive, coercion-free relationships, contraception use, and the prevention of STIs, using the Intervention Mapping (IM) approach. All six steps of the approach were followed. Step 1 confirmed the need for a sexual health programme targeting young people aged 15 and over enrolled in higher level secondary education. Step 2 resulted in the production of a series of matrices-of-changes, including detailed programme objectives at the behavioural and the psycho-social level. Step 3 involved the selection of relevant methods and applications. Step 4 consisted of programme development, resulting in a sexual health programme with online and offline components, and including interactive exercises. Step 5 focused on adoption and implementation and included the production of a detailed teacher manual. Step 6 involved detailed planning for the process and effect evaluation and included interviews with teachers and focus group discussions with students to evaluate their experiences of the programme. The inclusion of a linkage group – and especially the inclusion of teachers in the development of the programme – turned out to be essential in terms of developing a programme in line with their context and needs.     

Sexualities,teenage pregnancy and educational life histories in Portugal: experiencing sexual citizenship?

This article focuses on Portuguese working-class teenage girls’ voices and experiences concerning sexuality and pregnancy. Within a sociological, feminist and educational framework, it explores the girls’ perspective on sexual and intimate citizenship as evidence of fairer forms of regulation of teenage sexualities. Through building life histories of three pregnant and teenage mothers, this article aims to understand how girls rehearse and live out their sexualities and pregnancies as well as listen to their voices and recognise their demand for inclusion and respect. Gender power relations emerge as central in configuring girls’ pathways and shed light on youth pregnancy.     

ZPI基因外显子-3多态性与妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期的相关性探讨

目的：探讨蛋白z依赖的蛋白酶抑制物（ZPI）基因外显子-3（exon-3）多态性与妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期的相关性。方法：选择健康孕妇30例、妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期36例,用ELISA竞争法测定其血浆ZPI水平。用直接DNA测序法对ZPI基因exon-3测序。结果：ZPI含量健康妊娠组为（144．32±75．45）pg／mL,妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期组为（137．61±42．95）pg／mL,两组之间无显著性差异（F=0．131,P=0．719）。ZPI基因外显子-3测序结果,发现在exon-3137A〉G、181A〉G、481A〉T存在基因多态性,但这三种基因型频率和等位基因频率分布,两组之间均无统计学差异（均P〉0．05）。结论：ZPI基因exon-3137A〉G、181A〉G、481A〉T存在基因多态性,但与妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期关系不大。     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The books, CD, and DVDs reviewed in this issue''s column address the following topics: natural, safe, and healthy birth practices; doula care; breastfeeding; empowering women to make healthy lifestyle choices during pregnancy; encouraging mothers to bond with their babies before birth; and fathers'' and partners'' supportive role during labor and birth.     

Parental attitudes about teenage pregnancy: impact on sexual risk behaviour of African-American youth

African-American youth suffer disproportionately from sexual risk consequences including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Parents educating young people about sex may be one approach to reduce sexual risk behaviour among this population. The purpose of this study was to determine young people's perceptions of parents' attitudes about sex and assess whether these perceptions affect sexual risk. Data were collected from 560 African-Americans, aged 9–19 years. Most (73.4%) thought their parents would be unhappy if they got someone pregnant/got pregnant, with more girls feeling this way than boys (p = 0.013). Sexually active boys who thought their parents would be unhappy if they got someone pregnant reported fewer sexual partners within the past year (p < 0.01) and fewer sexual encounters in the past 3 months (p = 0.01) compared to those whose parents would think otherwise. Our research illustrates that parents' explicit and unstated attitudes are apparent to their offspring, and young people's perceptions can impact their risk behaviour. As such, early and often sex education communication between parents and young people should be encouraged. Sexual health interventions encouraging parents to educate about sex and its consequences could enhance the health of young African-Americans.     

Lucy's two babies: framing the first televised depiction of pregnancy

This historical research describes the strategies used by the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and several other periodicals to discuss the incorporation of Lucille Ball's pregnancy into her television sitcom, I Love Lucy. This important media event occurred in the early 1950s and marked the first time that an image of pregnancy and childbirth would be depicted on national television. Although the inclusion of sexual content in the mass media was highly controversial at the time of Ball's pregnancy, this analysis concluded that the press was generally favorable in its treatment of the topic. Journalists highlighted the popularity of the event, praised I Love Lucy creators for their sensitive treatment of the topic, and drew comparisons between characters' on-screen and off-screen lives. This research elucidates the emergence of representations of pregnancy and childbirth on television that are now commonly featured in modern broadcast programming.     

子宫内特殊部位异位妊娠经腹和经阴道超声诊断分析及鉴别

目的：探讨子宫内特殊部位异位妊娠的超声诊断分析及鉴别。方法：选择60例疑似宫内特殊部位异位妊娠患者分别经腹超声和经阴趟超声诊断,分析超声检查结果并与手术病理情况相对照。结果：阴道超声的准确性高于腹超声（P〈0．05）;阴道超声的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于腹超声（P〉0．05）。结论：经腹超声及经阴道超声均为诊断特殊部位异住妊娠的有效方法,经阴道超声的准确率更高。     

孕期体育活动健康促进研究进展

运动作为一种健康促进手段,能够有效提高母婴健康水平。对国内外孕期体育活动的历史发展进行梳理与总结,发现孕期女性体育活动经历了被限制、被承认,到被强烈推荐的发展历程。通过分析孕期体育活动对母婴多方面健康的影响,发现适度的体育活动可降低母体妊娠期体重的过度增加和妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压和先兆子痫的风险,可减少剖宫产的风险和增加自然分娩的可能性,不会增加新生儿的风险,但长时间剧烈运动带来的潜在风险不能忽视,需要对风险和锻炼的积极效果收益之间的利弊进行更好的权衡。在此基础上提供了孕期运动处方的建议以及健康促进途径的升级优化策略,建议应多加强实证研究,以掌握孕期体育活动的剂量反应效应,尽早建立我国孕期女性运动处方库,并针对孕期女性不同孕周期的特点,创新更科学、可行的研究方法及研究工具或技术。     

In the making: constructing in-school pregnancy in Mozambique

This article examines current in-school pregnancy policy in Mozambique, Decree 39/GM/2003, discussing how it discursively constructs in-school pregnancy as a problem, thereby raising the need to regulate its occurrence. Decree 39/GM/2003 indicates that pregnant schoolgirls should be transferred to night courses in order to complete their education. Although progressive in some respects, as it allows pregnant girls to remain in education, the Decree reflects a global tendency to see education and pregnancy as oppositional. As a consequence, the practical implications of transferring pregnant girls to night courses have the perverse effect of encouraging dropout. Stimulated by this contradiction, I reflect on how the policy text produces a deficit view of the pregnant schoolgirl. This Foucauldian process of subjectification results in a strengthening of the opposition between pregnancy and education. As a result, pregnant schoolgirls are ‘thrown out’ of their education, defeating the inclusive aims of the national policy.