Antenatal education as perceived by health professionals

This article aims to identify the learning needs of expectant and new parents for antenatal education as perceived by health professionals. In Australia, antenatal education programs are predominantly designed by health professionals, and recent research has challenged the efficacy of this approach. The data collected from 73 health professionals, reported here, demonstrates that their perceptions of the concerns and interests of expectant and new parents were divided into three interrelated categories: "need to know...what's happening," "they won't listen," and "balanced information." The health professional ideas for improving antenatal education were limited and identified a reluctance to change practice.     

多途径彩色多普勒超声早期诊断异位妊娠100例临床分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断宫外孕的特征性依据,提高宫外孕诊断的准确性。方法对临床怀疑异位妊娠患者行多途径（经阴道或腹部）彩色多普勒超声探查子宫附件区域,并与血人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）检查结果比较,确诊宫外孕。结果 100例疑似宫外孕患者的超声检查中,5例因附件区未见异常包块未能确定。另95例均发现附件区包块,其中包块内实质性部分可检测到滋养血流信号57例,频谱为低阻力型;伴有不同程度的盆腹腔积液54例,双侧卵巢可同时显示85例。结论对疑似早期宫外孕的患者进行二维经阴经腹彩超检查,测量包块处滋养动脉血流频谱存在,同时测定血HCG阳性,可以早期诊断宫外孕。     

妊娠期阴道白色念珠菌基因型的比较研究

目的明确妊娠期阴道白色念珠菌的基因型是否存在差异,了解不同基因分型方法的优劣。方法对628名妊娠妇女的阴道分泌物进行念珠菌培养和鉴定,以三种方法对比研究不同孕期白色念珠菌的基因型。结果妊娠期阴道念珠菌检出率为31.52%,白色念珠菌为最常见的菌种。INT引物PCR法可将126株白色念珠菌分为A、B、C三组,A组最为多见。EcoRⅠ酶切法可将119株白色念珠菌分为A、B、C三组和9个亚组,A—1亚组最常见。RAPD法扩增后,126株白色念珠菌共获得17种基因型,相似系数SAB=0.805±0.007,不同孕期的组内、组间SAB值均大于0.80。结论妊娠期阴道白色念珠菌具有显著的基因多态性,它们是由基因型非常相似的不同白色念珠菌。INT引物PCR法简便、快速,结果稳定、可靠,适于临床推广应用;RAPD法快速、简便、经济,分辨率高,适于临床和科研应用。     

School district-provided supports to enhance sexual health education among middle and high school health education teachers

Schools support teachers in their professional learning, just as teachers support students in their learning. To accomplish this, schools can provide support systems that enhance teachers’ knowledge, comfort, and instructional skills. This study examined the impact of two district-provided supports (curriculum and professional development) on sexual health instruction among middle and high school health education teachers. Data were abstracted and analyzed using inductive coding from 24 teacher interviews (2015–2016). Findings illustrate outcomes from both curriculum and PD on teachers’ self-reported knowledge, comfort, and skills. The district-provided supports appeared to contribute to improved teachers’ self-efficacy in delivering sexual health education.     

Sociocultural Understanding of Miscarriages,Stillbirths, and Infant Loss: A Study of Nigerian Women

Miscarriages, stillbirths, and infant loss are a constant threat to Nigerian women. Little research has sought to understand the cultural silence and taboo that typifies these issues needs and its impact on the women. Drawing on 35 in-depth interviews with Nigerian women, this study explored the sociocultural understanding of perinatal loss among Nigeria women. A thematic analysis of the women’s narratives indicated that cultural norms and practices contribute to disenfranchised grief, which translates into ridicule and blame for women, identity loss, marital instability, and a feeling of despair. The findings point to a need for more empirical research into the grieving processes of diverse populations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

血管内皮生长因子在输卵管妊娠母胎界面的表达

目的 研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在输卵管妊娠的种植部位、非种植部位及分泌中期正常壶腹部输卵管的表达.方法 收集输卵管妊娠的种植部位、非种植部位标本各30例,以及分泌中期正常壶腹部输卵管标本17例.采用电化学发光法检测术前血β-HCG及免疫组织化学二步法测定各组标本中VEGF的表达,根据阳性率和表达强度进行组织化学评分和相关性分析.结果 (1)种植部位输卵管粘膜上皮细胞VEGF的表达显著高于非种植部位,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)种植部位输卵管粘膜上皮细胞VEGF的表达显著高于正常分泌期组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)非种植部位组与正常分泌期组之间VEGF表达差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05);(4)输卵管妊娠活胎病例中种植部位、非种植部位的VEGF表达均与血β-HCG呈统计学正相关(均P＜0.05).结论 VEGF可能参与输卵管妊娠时胚泡植入和胎盘血管网形成.     

孝感城区育龄妇女人工流产调查分析

文章分析了孝感城区1560例患者人工流产的方式、原因及其对健康的伤害,提出了一些保护女性健康的措施。     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The books and DVDs reviewed in this issue''s column address the following topics: new directions for childbirth education classes; pregnancy tips for expectant mothers; empowering women to give birth naturally; midwifery care; breastfeeding; labyrinths and “laborinths” (an alternative approach to preparing for birth); preterm labor; understanding newborns'' language cues; and exercise programs during pregnancy and the postnatal period, as well as exercises that strengthen the pelvic floor and help new mothers deal with incontinence.     

Risk factors for child physical abuse and neglect among Chinese young mothers

Although studies have reported a linkage between young pregnancy and child maltreatment risk, it is still unclear about what factors place young mothers at greater risk of maltreating their child in Chinese context. Based on the socio-ecological model, risk factors in 4 domains: family background/structure, maternal stressors, mother-child interaction, and child behavioral issue in relation to physical assault, neglect, both physical assault and neglect, and either physical assault or neglect among Chinese young mothers in Hong Kong were assessed. 392 young mothers were recruited from an integrated supportive program for young mothers. The mean age of mothers at delivery was 21.8 (SD = 3.0) and 52.3% were married. Individual risk factors and cumulative risk domains related to different child maltreatment groups were examined. Our results show both overlapping and unique risk factors across the domains associated with physical assault and neglect. Further, young families exposed to higher number of risk domains show higher rates for physical assault and neglect, co-occurrence of physical assault and neglect, and either form of maltreatment. In addition, various risk domains were found to be particularly important for different forms of maltreatment: family background/structure domain was found to be an important risk domain for neglect; mother-child interaction domain for both physical assault and neglect; family background/structure and maternal stressors domains for either physical assault or neglect. Closer examination of a subgroup of adolescent mothers aged 18 and below shows that family background/structure was an important risk domain for this group.