产前超声诊断的临床带教体会

从带教难点、具体带教方法、带教考评体系和带教注意事项等方面总结中山大学附属第三医院超声科产前超声诊断教学中积累的经验,期望在今后的实习生、进修生带教中取得更好的教学效果。     

开天明道 贯通四圣——论胡煦易学创新精神及其核心贡献

胡煦是清初易学大家,在易学领域有众多创见。胡煦易学的众多创见,以其根本创新精神为基础,而其创新精神,主要包括两点,第一,胡煦的大易学视野所体现的统贯精神,第二,胡煦的《循环太极图》所体现的统摄精神。依靠统贯精神,自然天道、河图洛书,与先天四图、《易经》卦爻、《易传》等四圣之《易》得以贯通,大易学视野得以展开;依靠此统摄精神,胡煦创《循环太极图》,以之明天道、配诸图、论《周易》,无不言之成理、论说圆融。据此两大创新精神,富于特色的胡煦易学理论体系得以建立。     

四维超声在胎儿畸形产前诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨实时动态四维超声在胎儿畸形产前诊断的应用价值。方法：应用E8、VOLUSON730四维超声对38679例妊娠18～37周胎儿进行常规二维和实时四维超声检查。结果：38679例胎儿中共检出胎儿畸形235例,其中胎儿神经系统畸形65例,颜面部畸形28例,颈部（颈部淋巴水囊瘤）畸形14例,心脏畸形39例,胸部畸形14例,膈疝10例;腹部畸形12例,泌尿系统畸形17例,四肢骨骼畸形36例。结论：四维超声成像较二维超声能提供更丰富的诊断信息,全面直观地显示胎儿畸形,提高了产前诊断胎儿畸形的准确率,具有重要的应用价值。     

Childbirth Education and Obstetric Interventions Among Low-Risk Canadian Women: Is There a Connection?

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between attendance at childbirth education classes and maternal characteristics (age, income, educational level, single parent status), maternal psychological states (fear of birth, anxiety), rates of obstetric interventions, and breastfeeding initiation. Between women’s 35th and 39th weeks of gestation, we collected survey data about their childbirth fear, anxiety, attendance at childbirth education classes, choice of health-care provider, and expectations for interventions; we then linked women’s responses (n = 624) to their intrapartum records obtained through Perinatal Services British Columbia. Older, more educated, and nulliparous women were more likely to attend childbirth education classes than younger, less educated, and multiparous women. Attending prenatal education classes was associated with higher rates of vaginal births among women in the study sample. Rates of labor induction and augmentation and use of epidural anesthesia were not significantly associated with attendance at childbirth education classes. Future studies might explore the effect of specialized education programs on rates of interventions during labor and mode of birth.     

Exploring the Group Prenatal Care Model: A Critical Review of the Literature

Few studies have compared perinatal outcomes between individual prenatal care and group prenatal care. A critical review of research articles that were published between 1998 and 2009 and involved participants of individual and group prenatal care was conducted. Two middle range theories, Pender’s health promotion model and Swanson’s theory of caring, were blended to enhance conceptualization of the relationship between pregnant women and the group prenatal care model. Among the 17 research studies that met inclusion criteria for this critical review, five examined gestational age and birth weight with researchers reporting longer gestations and higher birth weights in infants born to mothers participating in group prenatal care, especially in the preterm birth population. Current evidence demonstrates that nurse educators and leaders should promote group prenatal care as a potential method of improving perinatal outcomes within the pregnant population.     

Integrating Preparation for Parenting Into Childbirth Education: Part II-A Study

This study was designed to test the effectiveness of using a broad conceptualization of childbirth education that includes parenting preparation in pregnancy. The goal is to assist in breaking cycles of dysfunction in families. At the core of this expanded model of childbirth education is the concept of prevention. The intervention described in Part I in the Journal of Perinatal Education 7(4), 26-33 provided parents with information and coping mechanisms by drawing parallels to traditionally learned coping skills for childbirth with techniques needed to cope in post-partum. This approach also encouraged prenatal parents to learn techniques for promoting attachment to their children before birth. The curriculum was tested by randomizing 48 couples to the expanded or traditional model of childbirth education. A pre- and post-Prenatal Parenting Scale was administered to both groups. Only the experimental group demonstrated improvement at the post-class administration.     

Listening to Mothers II: Report of the Second National U.S. Survey of Women's Childbearing Experiences: Conducted January-February 2006 for Childbirth Connection by Harris Interactive(R) in partnership with Lamaze International

With permission from Childbirth Connection, the concise version of the Listening to Mothers II "Survey Methodology" is reprinted here. Harris Interactive(R) conducted Listening to Mothers II: Report of the Second National U.S. Survey of Women's Childbearing Experiences on behalf of Childbirth Connection. The survey consisted of 1,373 online interviews and 200 telephone interviews with women who had given birth in U.S. hospitals in 2005, with weighting of data to reflect the target population. Interviews were conducted from January 20 through February 21, 2006. The methods used to conduct the survey and analyze the data collected are described.     

对无有学说的认识

为了探索元极为学与现代科学相结合的途径，运用浅显的语言。并结合现代科学理论，对无有的概念、无有的界定，先天三元等作了解释，阐述了无的重要性，无有转化和研究无有的意义。