对学前教育史研究的三种认识及其学术价值

学前教育史是学前教育学学科建设的重要组成部分,是学前教育理论发展的重要资源之一.学前教育史不仅包含对学前教育历史事件的记录,更包含对学前教育历史事件的理解与叙述,这使学前教育史必然是不断被研究者重新书写的思想史与当代史,开展学前教育史研究必然是一项富有创造性的工作.它不仅能够帮助我们深刻地理解过去,而且能够帮助我们深刻地理解现在、预见未来,更好地认识学前教育发展的客观规律,更好地把握学前教育发展的时机.     

中外幼教机构工作人员聘任条件的比较——基于对各国幼教机构规程的分析

我国现行的<幼儿园工作规程>(以下简称<规程>)是我国法律位阶最高的学前教育法规性文件,已经正式颁布实行了15年,随着社会政治经济文化与学前教育事业的发展,急需对其进行修订,以适应新的发展形势.其中,<规程>第六章主要步及幼儿园工作人员的聘任条件.与其他国家和地区的相关规章进行比较和分析,可以发现我国<规程>对幼儿园工作人员聘任条件的规定并不算低,甚至更高,这并不意味着<规程>在修订时应降低标准,因为我国<规程>的制定目的是提高幼儿园保育与教育质量.而很多国家与地区的相关规章只是关于幼教机构开办的最低标准,不过我们还是可以从中获得诸多启示,如应进一步加强<规程>的可操作性,对园长、教师、保育员培训的名称、资格证书的等级、培训时间的长短等做出更为具体、细致的规定,同时增强规定的弹性,方便根据不同情况提出不同的要求,以让有不同优势的人参与到幼儿教育工作中来;应增加有关对园长、教师、保育员特定个性与气质的要求,以保证保育和教育质量及教师队伍的稳定;应对厨师和驾驶员的聘任严格把关,提出有关的具体聘任条件;应设定园长、教师、保育员的最低年龄,以避免因身心不成熟的人照顾幼儿而可能造成的伤害等.     

政府主导强力推进农村学前教育三年普及——河北省“三为主”学前教育发展模式的探索和启示

在强力推进农村学前教育三年普及过程中,河北省始终立足于学前教育的公益性,强化并落实政府主导责任,坚持“以政府和集体办园为主,以公办教师为主,以政府和集体投入为主”的“三为主”学前教育发展模式,使农村公办学前教育资源得到快速发展,实现了全省2/3以上的农村地区基本普及了学前三年教育.在此过程中,河北省对农村中小学布局调整后富余教育资源的合理有效利用经过实践检验,证明是切实可行的发展农村学前教育的有力措施,可以为我国其他地区,尤其是农村地区学前教育事业发展提供有益的启示和借鉴.     

在课程内外联动中夯实学前教育专业学生的基本功

专业基本功是学前教育教师素质的重要方面,学前教育师资培养机构首先应根据学前教育专业特点确定学前教育师资应当具备的基本功项目及其包含的基本能力,然后依此设计和编制相应的课程模块与体系,并为这些课程确定人人都能过关的基本目标,和能充分发挥学生潜力与兴趣、发展其专业个性的提升目标.为了培养学生扎实的基本功,除了通过加强主干课程的实践性与提高其实施质量确保学生获得这些基本能力外,还应通过相关课程和社团活动为学生提供进一步练习与运用这些基本功的机会,通过组织与课程进程相匹配的竞赛活动为学生提供展示这些基本功的平台,以促进学生对基本功的熟练掌握与灵活运用,最终形成基础厚实、内容充实的教育基本能力,提高其将来对岗位要求的适应力.     

学前儿童绘画教育之思索

学前儿童的绘画是溶入其自身情感及其表象,通过儿童内在自我建构形成的一种自我表现形式。学前儿童绘画是社会文化的一种反映,是儿童的发展水平的一种表现。学前儿童绘画教育必须在尊重儿童发展水平的基础上,结合本民族的文化特点,在尊重儿童的主体性和为儿童绘画提供有效帮助的两极动态变化之间加以调适,使之趋向平衡,使儿童潜能得以最大限度的舒展。     

Teachers’ perceptions and concerns about the implementation of the 2005 preschool curriculum in Tanzania

The aim of this study was to examine teachers’ perceptions and concerns about the implementation of the preschool curriculum developed over 10 years (2005–2015). This paper reports findings from an interpretive case study design in four preschool settings in Tanzania with 12 teachers and 8 parent participants. Data were generated using interviews and documentation. The research focus was on how teachers have implemented the 2005 preschool curriculum. The findings indicate that the implementation of the curriculum was problematic due to teachers’ lack of knowledge of a child-centred pedagogy. In addition there were no teachers qualified to work with young children, overcrowded classrooms, poor teaching and learning environments, and insufficient teaching and learning materials and facilities. This study recommends that to improve the current situation and attain quality provision of early education, teachers need to develop their professional knowledge through in-service training. The government policy planners need to provide initial teacher education, professional development, and conducive teaching and learning environments with available resources for effective teaching and learning practices.     

The problem-solving process as part of professionals’ boundary work in preschool to school transition

ABSTRACT

A successful transition from preschool to school demands continuity in education between the institutions: continuity in pedagogy, values and institutional structures. One way to achieve continuity is to learn how to do boundary work in the borderline of two activity systems. This article examines what kinds of discourses frame the problem-solving process in the context of inter-professional collaboration. The data consists of video-recorded, inter-professional discussions in the 2012–2013 (a total of 22.5?h). The project, called Flexible Preschool and School, aims to develop a new model for a smooth transition to school. In the project, professionals from preschool and school create joint activities and co-teaching, which is assumed to bridge the gap between pedagogies and assure the continuity of learning. The professionals’ cultural thoughts in different kinds of problem-solving situations become visible in the discourses produced in the talk. These discourses describe their capacity for solving shared problems. Creating new innovations demands an understanding that complex problems require diverse knowledge. Considering the shared knowledge as valuable enough to put into practice is the way to create new forms of problem-solving. This is implemented by taking on the responsibility to be an active actor.     

Children’s Memory: A Primer for Understanding Behavior

This paper provides the opportunity to understand children’s behavior from a memory viewpoint. For the last three decades, cognitive developmentalists have been asking the question, “what develops in children’s memory?” Four answers to this question are presented, complete with explanations, examples, and possible applications where appropriate. The purpose of the paper is to provide early childhood educators and other practitioners who work with children a different lens through which to view children’s behavior. The memory view is compatible with current best practices in early childhood education, and may provide practitioners an additional viewpoint from which to draw when implementing developmentally appropriate practice.     

论学前双语新师资英语教育能力的培养

本文提出了学前双语教育中存在的学前双语教师英语教育能力较为欠缺的问题,并针对此问题,结合学前双语教育师资所应具备的英语教育能力,阐述了在学前双语教育新师资英语教育能力的培养方面,应重视英语言语技能、学前儿童英语教学技能和教学实践等技能的培养。     

幼儿教师工作压力与生活满意度的关联性研究

摘要:采用问卷调查法对511名幼儿教师进行调查,考察幼儿教师工作压力与生活满意度之间的关联,探讨心理资本和工作倦怠在其中的序列中介效应。结果表明:（1）幼儿教师工作压力、心理资本、工作倦怠、生活满意度两两显著相关;（2）幼儿教师工作压力对生活满意度的直接预测作用不显著,但分别通过心理资本、工作倦怠的独立中介作用以及二者的序列中介作用间接预测生活满意度。研究结果提示不仅要重视缓解幼儿教师的工作压力,降低工作倦怠,还要从提升幼儿教师心理资本、发挥个体资源的保护性作用等途径缓解工作压力对幼儿教师生活满意度的不利影响。