Gathering the views of children and young people with ASD: a systematic literature review

According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children have a right to have their views listened to, and studies have shown that doing so can improve their motivation and self‐esteem. Accordingly, this systematic literature review sought to investigate how the views of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have difficulties with social communication, may be gathered. Searches of electronic databases yielded 20 studies which met the criteria for inclusion. Semi‐structured interviews (SSIs) were popular, but there is tentative evidence that these are better suited to older, or more academically able, participants. Some of the evidence suggests adaptations to make SSIs more accessible to young people with ASD. Initial evidence has also emerged regarding the suitability of focus groups and electronic diaries. More focused evaluation by researchers of the suitability of their chosen data‐gathering methods for participants with ASD would allow broader conclusions to be drawn.     

Child Rearing: Passivity and being able to go on. Wittgenstein on shared practices and seeing aspects

It is not uncommon to hear parents say in discussions they have with their children 'Look at it this way'. And called upon for their advice, counsellors too say something to adults with the significance of 'Try to see it like this'. The change of someone's perspective in the context of child rearing is the focus of this paper. Our interest in this lies not so much in giving an answer to the practical problems that are at stake, but at disentangling the issues on a conceptual level. Within the so-called second part of his Philosophical Investigations , Wittgenstein deals with shared practices and with concepts such as 'seeing' and 'seeing as'. What he says there is in terms of content linked with his earlier Tractatus position concerning ethics, a matter which will first be dealt with. After that, the relevant sections of his later work are discussed. Following Cavell, it is concluded that to try to get someone to see what one sees, necessarily presupposes giving it out of one's hands. The passivity this points at highlights what Erziehung in the end comes down to.     

浅议独生子女与素质教育问题

中国庞大的独生子女群体已经对社会的各个方面产生了很大的影响。开展对独生子女与素质教育问题的研究有重要的现实意义。我们应该高度重视独生子女问题,认真调研,掌握实情,构建综合素质教育体系;要充分理解和关爱独生子女,实事求是,因势利导;要加强学校和家庭的沟通,发挥家庭教育的作用,全面做好独生子女素质教育工作。     

幼儿教师教育科研素养调查与思考

教育科研素养是现代幼儿教师必备素养之一，调查发现，当前幼儿教师教育科研素养存在教育科研意识淡薄、教育科研知识缺乏、教育科研能力普遍较弱等问题，这主要是由于幼儿教师队伍整体素养不高以及缺乏教育科研锻炼机会导致的，需要从幼儿教师职前教育、幼儿园和教育管理部门以及幼儿教师自我教育三个层面采取相应的措施，促进其教育科研素养的提高。     

应用型高校学前教育专业课程实践整合的构想

为了实现应用型本科院校给幼儿园培养合格的、优秀的幼师的任务,它的学前教育专业课程设置需依据实践进行整合。这种整合具体表现在以下几个方面：联系幼儿园教学实际,整合相关理论课程;柘宽学前教育课程领域,增强学生的就业竞争力;加强艺术类课程的教学,提高学生的教学实践能力;加强和规范教育实践环节。     

Prioritising student voice: ‘Tween’ children's perspectives on school success

This paper presents the findings of a study of the perspectives of Australian, English and New Zealand ‘tweens’ in response to one question, ‘what makes people muck up at school?’ Arguing for the increased prioritisation of children's voices in educational planning and provision, this paper provides, in children's own words, their perspectives on school success and classroom dynamics.     

Effective special teacher characteristics: perceptions of preschool special educators in Greece

The aim of the present study was to evaluate six characteristics of effective special pre‐school teachers, similar to those used in the relevant literature. The study participants were all special teachers (n = 226), serving in Greek state and community pre‐primary educational institutions (i.e. kindergartens and day nurseries) for children with learning disabilities. Data were collected through a two‐part questionnaire sent to the targeted special teachers (response rate 100%) and through focused group discussion with teachers. Three characteristics emerged as salient features of an effective teacher: love for the children; competent pre‐service training and ongoing professional development; and professionalism and commitment. The remaining three characteristics assessed (i.e. effective communication skills, a well‐rounded personality, and instructional ability) were also judged to be essential. Based on each characteristic’s analysis, the paper discusses the implications of pre‐service and in‐service training for special teachers.     

关于提高学前教育专业钢琴教学有效性的思考

学前教育专业的钢琴课关乎学生的职业技能与职业素养,本文拟从钢琴课的教学要求、教学内容和教学模式三方面指出当前学前教育专业钢琴教学存在的问题,并结合教学实践,在加强钢琴教学的规范性、突出技能与实践运用、拓展课堂教学模式等方面,探索提高学前教育专业钢琴课程教学有效性的方法与途径,为学前教育专业的钢琴教学与改革寻求新的视野。     

Child maltreatment among boy and girl probationers: Does type of maltreatment make a difference in offending behavior and psychosocial problems?

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and non-victims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

学前教育专业大学英语课程建设的职业导向初探

大学英语教学要符合社会对大学生英语应用能力的要求。高校的英语教学要注重培养学生实际使用语言的技能。在学前教育专业英语课程建设中应有明确的职业导向:以培养幼儿英语教师为立足点,分阶段实施教学课程,全面提高学生的英语应用能力,注重专业技能培养。