社会生态干预模式与防治大学生心理问题

大学生心理问题已成为困扰高校的主要问题之一,运用社会生态理论,采用社会生态干预模式从社会大环境、家庭校园小环境等方面进行干预,能有效地预防和治疗大学生心理问题。     

任务环境与制度环境对企业创新的交互影响研究

以206家中国企业为样本,实证分析了任务环境(技术不确定性和市场不确定性)和制度环境(法制环境和政府干预)对企业创新的交互影响。结果表明,技术不确定性和市场不确定性对企业创新均有显著正向影响;法制环境与企业创新正相关,而政府干预对企业创新的影响则不显著。进一步的分析表明,法制环境对任务环境与企业创新的关系无显著调节作用;政府干预对技术不确定性与企业创新的关系有显著负向调节作用,而对市场不确定性与企业创新的关系则有显著正向调节作用。     

治理理论视角下的社会救助专业化研究--以北京市T街道为例

经过,20多年的探索与发展,我国形成了困难群众基本生活救助、专项救助、临时救助三位一体、惠及城乡居民的救助体系。社会救助的“托底性”、“安全网”作用越发明显。但也还存在资金使用效率不高、服务专业性不强等问题,这就将社会救助的专业化提上了日程。本文以北京市T街道为例,分析了社会救助工作中存在的问题,提出了推动社会救助专业化的对策建议。     

Preschool–home cooperation in change

The purpose of this study is to bring forth preschool teachers' and parents' views on both established and future forms of cooperation between the preschool and home. The empirical sample is based on both individual and focus‐group interviews. Results show that cooperation mainly revolves around the individual child. The form of cooperation that is the least established among both preschool teachers and parents tends to be the parent council. It is concluded that it is important for preschool teachers to provide varied and rich forms of cooperation, as different forms of cooperation appeal to different parents. With a wide range, there is a possibility to reach all parents.     

Impact of federal intervention on higher education

One of the most serious crises currently facing institutions of higher education is federal intervention. The level which this crisis has reached is attested to by the fact that the presidents of three leading universities (Yale, Harvard, and Cornell) have in the past two years presented major reports addressed exclusively to this concern.The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of recent federal legislation and regulations on higher education. The author articulates the precepts posited in defense of such federal intervention, some of which are: financial contributions, social injustice, moral responsibility, student unrest, etc. The general costs of complying with federal laws and regulations are enumerated. In addition, the article considers the impact of a number of recent federal laws and regulations, including: Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976; Copyright Law of 1976; Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity; and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The author explores the steps that have recently been undertaken to reduce costs of complying with federal regulations and suggests additional solutions to this problem. The article concludes with a prognosis for what higher education can anticipate from the federal government and how higher education best protects its interests.Presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Houston, Texas, May 1978.     

基于融合教育理念的农村幼儿教师UGK培养模式的构建

在融合教育理念的指导下,可通过相关专业融合、课程体系融合、理论教学与实践教学融合、职前培养与职后培训相融合、培养主体融合,构建农村幼儿教师的"UGK"培养模式.同时,建立和完善科学的决策机制、灵活的协作机制、有效的投入机制,发挥高校主体作用、政府主责作用、幼儿园主导作用,共同提升农村幼儿教师培养的质量.     

当前日本幼儿教育改革的新动向

进入新世纪,日本中央教育审议会和文部科学省发布了《幼儿教育振兴计划》等三份文件。本文以这三份文件为主要根据,探讨当前日本幼儿教育改革的新动向,并总结它对我国幼儿教育改革的启示。     

大学生心理危机干预问题研究

大学生的心理危机与其年龄阶段和所处的环境密切相关,大学生心理危机主要是成长性危机,以学业压力和人际关系问题为主。大学生心理危机干预的措施是做好心理危机的预防工作;建立心理危机预警机制;及时有效的干预和预后;建立社会支持系统。     

非正规学前教育研究概述

非正规学前教育是由政府、非政府或个人发起，针对无法接受正规学前教育的0-6岁儿童，特别是处境不利儿童（如残疾儿童、家庭经济困难及少数民族儿童等），依托社区资源因地制宜开展的学前教育形式。从对目前世界各地非正规学前教育的组织形式、教育对象、课程实施、家长参与等方面的分析中可以得到启示，从而进一步促进我国这项事业的发展。     

The Impact of Teacher-Directed and Child-Directed Pretend Play on Cognitive Competence in Kindergarten Children

The goal of our research was to study different forms of organization of pretend play on children's cognitive performance in a mixed-age environment. We studied two forms of management of the playing process: (a) teacher-directed play with simultaneous involvement of all children in the classroom, where the teacher plays the dominant role in the education process directing children's activity, and (b) child-directed play in various small groups. Twenty-six observations were performed on 51 children in two mixed-age classrooms. The mean age of the children was 4.6 years, with age span from 3 to 6 years. Data were collected regarding children's affective and cognitive behavior according to generally accepted taxonomies: Bloom for the cognitive domain, and Krathwohl for affective domain. We found a significant increase in cognitive manifestations during direction of the playing process in groups compared with frontal management of the lesson (113.1 ± 12.1 vs. 45.7 ± 10.3, mean ± SEM, p < 0.0001), which is related with better employment of the powerful education engine of the free-play children.