基于“类目细分”的核心出版社h指数雷达图实证研究——以国内经济类核心出版社为例

针对目前运用引文分析法及布氏定律测定的某些学科领域的核心出版社,抽样的学科范围比较大,根据核心出版社理论进行图书采选难以保证采购质量的问题,提出基于学科细分,并以h指数为评价指标,对核心出版社出版优势及特点进一步分析和评价的方法。并以国内经济类核心出版社为例,借助“雷达图”这样一种分析工具来清晰直观地反映经济学各核心出版社的出版优势和出版特点,不仅可以使高校图书馆在进行经济类图书采购时更具有针对性,而且可以为更好地评价各学科领域图书的核心出版社提供新的思路和方法。     

体育公众人物隐私权保护制度重构之路径——从权力冲突视角出发

体育公众人物的个人隐私具有公众的合理兴趣及与公共利益相关的特征,在实践中通常与新闻自由权和公众知情权发生冲突,域外法律规定进行一定程度的限制,来满足公众知情权和新闻自由需要,而我国法律缺乏对体育公众人物的隐私权进行限制的原则、范围等常态化规定,以致经常出现以满足公众的合理兴趣或社会公共利益之名,而行使侵犯隐私权的现象,这对体育公众人物的隐私权保护极为不利。在对相关概念进行法理考量的基础上,分析了我国体育公众人物隐私权的特征、受侵犯的原因和途径,并提出我国体育公众人物隐私权保护的法律规范构建路径。     

英美判例中的体育比赛裁判员过失侵权问题研究

竞技体育比赛中,过失侵权行为无处不在,裁判员也不例外.通过文献资料法、案例分析法、逻辑分析等方法研究体育比赛裁判员过失侵权问题.认为:裁判员负有监管比赛、保证比赛正常进行的义务,相对于球员对球员及球员对观众或者裁判员对观众,裁判员对球员负有更高的责任;裁判员过失侵权问题的发生往往与专业知识、能力以及对突发事件的处理能力有关.按照相关体育联合会或体育协会的章程规定,裁判在比赛过程中的错误裁决要承担纪律责任,依照相关法律,还要承担法律责任,包括合同责任、侵权责任、行政责任和刑事责任;但是,在任何情形下,裁判员善意的失误是可以接受的,因此,合理、诚实、善意执法的裁判员,不应当担心承担法律责任.但是,裁判员恶意或重大过失,可能会被诉诸法律,以更有效地保护参赛者及相关利害关系人的合法权利和利益.加深对过失侵权理论在体育领域中应用的认识,进一步明确裁判工作的重要性,对于加强体育法制建设以及行业制度建设具有重要意义.     

The Birth of the Sports Press in Spain Within the Regenerationist Context of the Late Nineteenth Century

This study tackles the birth and development of the sports press in Spain from 1865 to 1899, linked to the need of a bourgeois society to emulate the English lifestyle, characterised by the sports craze. The sports press in Spain fitted extremely well in the late nineteenth century, encouraged by the Regenerationist movement. This is clear by the growth in number of sports publications, by the promotion of physical culture by Regenerationism and by the use of such publications to spread Regenerationism's approach to sport. Both primary and secondary sources were used in the research process. With regard to primary sources, archives containing specific documentation on the origins and early years of the sports press in Spain were examined. A total of 85 sports publications were counted in 18 different towns, but mostly concentrated in Madrid (28) and Barcelona (24). The most widely represented sports in these were cycling (25) and hunting (18). Among those publications that were not specific to one sport, 13 titles included the English-language term ‘sport’, and only two incorporated the newly coined Spanish word, ‘deporte’. Los Deportes (1897–1910) is the most important publication of this period and the foundation stone of modern sports journalism in Spain.     

Effects of agonist–antagonist complex resistance training on upper body strength and power development

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects on strength and power of performing complex versus traditional set training over eight weeks. Fifteen trained males were assessed for throw height, peak velocity, and peak power in the bench press throw and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the bench press and bench pull exercises, before and after the eight-week programme. The traditional set group performed the pulling before the pushing exercise sets, whereas the complex set group alternated pulling and pushing sets. The complex set training sessions were completed in approximately half the time. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was monitored during both test sessions in an attempt to determine if it was affected as a result of the training programme. Although there were no differences in the dependent variables between the two conditions, bench pull and bench press 1-RM increased significantly under the complex set condition and peak power increased significantly under the traditional set condition. Effect size statistics suggested that the complex set was more time-efficient than the traditional set condition with respect to development of 1-RM bench pull and bench press, peak velocity and peak power. The EMG activity was not affected. Complex set training would appear to be an effective method of exercise with respect to efficiency and strength development.     

A comparison of muscle activity and 1-RM strength of three chest-press exercises with different stability requirements

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and muscle activity in three chest-press exercises with different stability requirements (Smith machine, barbell, and dumbbells). Twelve healthy, resistance-trained males (age 22.7 ± 1.7 years, body mass 78.6 ± 7.6 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.06 m) were tested for 1-RM of the three chest-press exercises in counterbalanced order with 3–5 days of rest between the exercises. One-repetition maximum and electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major, deltoid anterior, biceps, and triceps brachii were recorded in the exercises. The dumbbell load was 14% less than that for the Smith machine (P ≤ 0.001, effect size [ES] = 1.05) and 17% less than that for the barbell (P ≤ 0.001, ES = 1.11). The barbell load was ～3% higher than that for the Smith machine (P = 0.016, ES = 0.18). Electrical activity in the pectoralis major and anterior deltoid did not differ during the lifts. Electrical activity in the biceps brachii increased with stability requirements (i.e. Smith machine <barbell <dumbbells; P ≤ 0.005; ES = 0.57, 1.46, and 2.00, respectively), while triceps brachii activity was reduced using dumbbells versus barbell (P = 0.007, ES = 0.73) and dumbbells versus Smith machine (P = 0.003, ES = 0.62). In conclusion, high stability requirements in the chest press (dumbbells) result in similar (pectoralis major and anterior deltoid), lower (triceps brachii) or higher (biceps brachii) muscle activity. These findings have implications for athletic training and rehabilitation.     

The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin: The Response of America's Black Press

Abstract

Eighty-seven female masters swimmers ranging in age from 20 to 69 were selected for a detailed study of their body composition and physiological responses at rest and during exercise. These women were then placed into two subsets, a highly trained group and a not highly trained group, on the basis of the frequency, duration, and intensity of swimming workouts. Significant differences were detected when comparing the highly trained and not highly trained subjects on measures of weight, body density, percent fat and lean body weight (p<.05). Significant differences which favored the highly trained group were also seen when comparing these same two groups for [Vdot]_E max, [Vdot]O₂ max (1/min), [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg^–1·min^–1), [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg·LBW^–1·min^–1), O₂ pulse (ml·kg^–1·beat^–1), and O₂ pulse (ml·kg·LBW^–1). Both the highly trained and not highly trained swimmers were considerably lower in percent fat than previously reported data for normal untrained women of similar ages. In both groups, however, percent fat across age levels within each training group showed significant increases at approximately 40 years of age (p<.05). In the highly trained swimmers, [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg^–1·min^–1) decreased at a mean rate of about 7% per decade, while in the not highly trained swimmers the decline was approximately 8% per decade. It appears that the rate of decline in [Vdot]O₂ max in women with aging may be independent of training status.     

Techniques and considerations for determining isoinertial upper‐body power

Power is an integral aspect of many sports. Although power output of the lower body is often measured during jumping and cycling movements, much less is known about power as pertains to the upper body musculature. Recently, isoinertial methods ‐ with constant gravitational load ‐ of power testing have become common, but little is known of the reliability and criterion validity of these tests as they pertain to sport performance. In addition, the varied methodology makes a lucid model more evasive. The aims of this review are to examine the various methods of assessing upper body power, to establish its role in predicting athletic performance, and to assess the body of literature that has assessed power output of the upper extremities by isoinertial methods. To our knowledge, only two studies on isoinertial upper‐body power have shown a direct correlation to sporting ability (Baker, 2001; Baker et al., 2001); therefore, many unanswered questions exist as to the efficacy of these tests as predictors of athletic ability or as a method to track athletes’ training over time. From this review we hope to allow the sport coach to assess the overall utility of these tests in terms of availability, safety and external validity.     

环境侵权民事责任若干问题探讨

在现代社会中,环境侵权行为在日益增加,但其损害赔偿法律制度存在许多不完善之处。文章从环境侵权民事责任的归责原则、构成要件、因果关系及赔偿原则等方面进行了论述,以期立法者能尽快完善中国的环境侵权行为法,均衡环境侵权双方当事人的利益。     

舆论如何监督政府:比较中的思考

舆论如何监督政府，在公共行政管理中既是一个值得探讨的理论问题，又是一个亟待解决的实践问题，本文从比较分析的角度探讨了其形成机制，运作过程，必要条件和发展趋势，本文认为，基于新闻自由的会计监督政府，其呈现的方式和功能，有一定的正效应和一定的局限性；监督的健康发展必须以新闻调控为必要条件，且达步走向信息化和法制化。