A Decade of Coverage (1990–2000): The Mainstream Library Press and Its Coverage of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and Its Successor States

ABSTRACT

This study examines the coverage of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and its successor states by U.S. journals indexed in Library Literature between 1990 and 2000. Seventy-one journals were evaluated according to subject content, geographical coverage, document type, and year of article publication. The study found that the majority of articles focused on domestic and foreign library activities. Coverage peaked between the years 1990 and 1994, with a steady decline after that. The study reports on differences in coverage by peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journals over this decade.     

Perspectives on the right to publish: Globalinequalities, digital publications, and thelegacy of revolutionary France

By 1789 the French Enlightenment had alreadyestablished that the rights of citizensincluded the right to speak, write, and printfreely. This right has since been enshrined invarious national and international documents,but remains elusive in much of the world. Oneway to consider these freedoms is to look notjust across the world comparing nations thathave or don't have freedom, but back throughtime at the first effort to promulgate thesenew rights – the French Revolution. When theFrench Revolution created freedom of the pressin 1789, the French book publishing industrywas noted for five attributes: completecensorship of all publications, a rigidlyenforced printing monopoly, copyrightprotection for all authors, fossilized content,and the proliferation of illegal presses. Digital technology is enabling a second dawn ofpress freedoms, but the five problems found inFrance two centuries ago can still be seen invarious forms, especially in the massivemonopoly of book publishing by a few countries. The answers created by France in 1810 present apartial basis for how current governments couldrespond to contemporary problems with freedomof the press. Rightly used, new digitaltechnology also has an opportunity to finallyfacilitate one of civilization's fundamentalfreedoms.     

Now You See Me – Now You Don't: Journalists’ Experiences With Surveillance

If democracy is a platform for many voices, and the voices of the many, journalists serve democracy by bringing these voices to the forefront of governance by asking difficult questions to those in power. It can be argued that journalists engage in the broader form of surveillance of power from below, or sousveillance [Mann, Steve, and Joseph Ferenbok. 2013. “New media and the power politics of sousveillance in a surveillance-dominated world.” Surveillance and Society 11 (1-2): 18–34.], which aims towards a form of relative equilibrium. In democracies, the institutional system of checks and balances forms the basis on which journalism pursues its watchdog function. This paper explores the experiences of journalists with surveillance and their impact on journalists’ sense of freedom to fulfil their watchdog role. The paper contributes to increasing research interest in “journalism after Snowden” by addressing the intangible conditions under which journalists may or should work, and ultimately also how widely accepted standards of democratic liberties are challenged.     

赛时新闻发布的体育公共外交价值研究——基于各国运动员、教练员在北京奥运会新闻服务平台展示状况

传统公共外交向新公共外交转型的重要变化是,行为主体不仅仅是政府,而是包括政府、非政府组织、个人在内的多样化主体.新公共外交强调,在全球化的交往和传播环境下,人人有责任、有条件参与重塑国家形象、增强国家软实力、增进国际间的互信与认同.基于对新公共外交的理解,文章论述了传统意义体育外交的局限,尝试探讨了赛时新闻发布在建构共享价值观、展现个性魅力方面所能产生的体育公共外交价值,这对各国借助大型赛事开展体育公共外交具有启发意义.     

当前藏书建设中存在的高比例误选黑洞及对策——以计算机类图书为例

我国高校图书馆图书误选的比例很高,已经形成可怕的误选黑洞。根据2002—2005年出版的计算机类图书数据测定出核心书目并对照5所综合性大学图书馆的馆藏发现,高校图书馆缺藏现象和零外借率现象十分严重,由此可推断目前高校图书馆存在计算机类图书的高比例误选黑洞。针对这些问题,高校图书馆可以采取分析核心出版社的出版强项、研究好书的形成要素、推动书商编制高质量的征订书目等策略。     

论马克思实践自由中的新闻出版自由思想及其意义

所谓实践自由,顾名思义,就是人在实践经验活动中要求实现作为人的本性的先验自由。具体来说,它包括两个方面的内容：作为实践自由的形式方面的先验自由和作为其内容方面的经验自由。前者指虽然人受自然因的限制,但其意志仍然具有一种独立自主地开启一个因果序列的本性和能力,它是人之所思所做的无原因的原因,即自由因;后者指先验的意志自由在经验世界中的外化和实现。马克思的实践自由之新闻出版自由是二者的一个统一体。这一实践自由尤其蕴涵在马克思关于新闻出版自由的三个文献中,三个文献无不彰显和放射着新闻出版自由的重大现实意义。     

Review Symposium

Constructing Educational Inequality: An Assessment of Research on School Processes . By Peter Foster, Roger Gomm and Martyn Hammersley. Reviewed by John Eggleston, Jo-Anne Dillabough and Gill Crozier with a reply from the authors     

隐性采访与新闻职业道德——兼谈媒体的公信力问题

隐性采访与显性采访相比较,在一些特殊的报道领域具有优势,近年成为媒体比较喜欢采用的采访手段,但不应该成为媒体哗众取宠和提高收视率的手段.隐性采访的隐瞒身份和采访意图的做法,使人们越来越多地从法律和道德伦理角度质疑它的合理性.本文从隐性采访涉及的新闻职业道德问题入手,探讨了新闻记者在隐性采访中的道德自律问题,并且关注隐性采访对媒体公信力的负面影响.     

工程静压桩桩端扩张压力评价

为研究工程桩端扩张压力,对现有计算方法进行了改进。文章根据静压桩贯入机理,分析了静压桩的贯桩过程;并在模拟桩体贯入过程的基础上,建立了基于半无限圆孔扩张的压桩静力平衡方程,求得了弹性条件下桩端扩张压力的理论解答,同时进一步分析了桩端扩张压力与压入深度的关系。     

公害民事侵权适用惩罚性赔偿的立法思考

鉴于环境污染的严重性,环境保护应成为民法的价值取向。而同质赔偿在应对公害民事侵权时表现出的缺陷与不足,及惩罚性赔偿特有惩罚性、预防性的特点使公害民事侵权有必要适用惩罚性赔偿原则,未来《民法典》与相关立法应对此做出明确规定,如此才能充分保护受害人的权利,彰显民法正义。