制度压力、合法性选择与民营企业发展:基于温氏的经验证据

综合资源基础与制度基础观点,构建了一个制度压力、合法性选择与民营企业发展的关系模型:在复杂动态的制度环境之中,民营企业的发展依赖于适当的合法性选择,从而有效地获取合法性与资源资本。最后,以广东温氏为例,对该理论模型作了进一步阐述和说明。     

建筑垃圾资源化利用新技术及产业链构思

本文从建筑垃圾的基本概念入手,阐明了建筑垃圾的资源化利用的重大意义、国内外建筑垃圾的处理利用现状,以及从现有处理利用产品系列到房屋和道路的地基基础工程应用的新技术,并对建筑垃圾处理产业链问题加以深入思考,展现了建筑垃圾的资源化利用的广阔前景。     

Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Hypertension

Role of Vitamin D supplementation was studied in patients with hypertension. One hundred hypertensive patients (group I) were given conventional antihypertensive drugs while another 100 patients (group II), in addition, were supplemented with Vitamin D₃ (33,000 IU, after every 2 weeks, for 3 months). Besides diastolic and systolic blood pressure, serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, albumin-corrected calcium, and 24 h urinary creatinine levels were estimated in both the groups before the start of treatment and after 3 months. Vitamin D supplementation showed a more significant decrease in systolic blood pressure. This group also showed a significant increase in serum calcium as well as albumin-corrected calcium with a decrease in phosphorous. Results of the study confirm that Vitamin D supplementation has a role in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients and that it should be supplemented with the antihypertensive drugs. More extensive studies with a larger group, to draw a definite conclusion, are in progress.     

中学教师职业压力调查与分析

现代社会教师存在着不同程度的职业压力,经研究,中学教师的职业压力在性别、年龄、职务、学历上存在显著性差异。本文通过探讨中学不同教师群体职业压力的差异及其产生的消极影响,来关注中学教师的心理健康。     

前列腺素衍生物类降眼压药物的临床调查

目的：比较卢美根（贝美前列腺素）、苏为坦（曲伏前列腺素）、适利达（拉坦前列腺素）三种药物的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：根据浙江省某三甲眼科医院thiseye系统筛选合适的患者,通过电话随访,得到有效数据。结果：用药后88.14%的患者眼压控制在21mmHg以下,其中使用卢美根的患者平均眼压降幅为3.15mmHg,使用苏为坦的患者平均眼压降幅为1.01mmHg,使用适利达的患者平均眼压降幅为3.36mmHg;92.98%的患者无不良反应或不良反应轻微。结论：卢美根、苏为坦、适利达三种药物有效性和安全性均良好,且每日一次给药,使用方便,是患者长期用药或术后稳定眼压的良好选择。     

Audience support and choking under pressure: A home disadvantage?

This paper highlights the not-so-obvious but compelling reasons why the same supportive audiences that can help performers attain their highest potential also may increase performers' risk of choking under pressure. Drawing primarily from social psychology research and theory, we conclude that audience support magnifies performance pressure and induces performers to avoid failure rather than seek success during the most critical moments of performance contests. Although supportive audiences can inspire performers to excel when motivation would otherwise be lacking, audiences may also lead performers towards maladaptive self-monitoring and overcautiousness when the stakes are highest. The increased self-focus that supportive audiences induce can disrupt the automatic execution of the skills performers possess. Dispositional and situational moderators of the relationship between audience support and performance are reviewed.     

State anxiety and visual attention: The role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target

Abstract

In this study, we examined how individuals controlled their gaze behaviour during execution of a far aiming task and whether the functional relationship between perception and action was disrupted by increased anxiety. Twenty participants were trained on a simulated archery task, using a joystick to aim and shoot arrows at the target, and then competed in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. The specific gaze behaviour measured was the duration of the quiet eye period. As predicted, accuracy was affected by the duration of the quiet eye period, with longer quiet eye periods being associated with better performance. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in reductions in the duration of quiet eye. Our results show that the quiet eye period is sensitive to increases in anxiety and may be a useful index of the efficiency of visual orientation in aiming tasks.     

Changes in respiratory muscle and lung function following marathon running in man

Abstract

Respiratory muscle fatigue has been reported following short bouts of high-intensity exercise, and prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise, as evidenced by decrements in inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures. However, links to functionally relevant outcomes such as breathing effort have been lacking. The present study examined dyspnoea and leg fatigue during a treadmill marathon in nine experienced runners. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in one second were assessed before, immediately after, and four and 24 hours after a marathon. During the run, leg effort was rated higher than respiratory effort from 18 through 42 km (P < 0.05). Immediately after the marathon, there were significant decreases in maximal inspiratory pressure and peak inspiratory flow (from 118 ± 20 cm H₂O and 6.3 ± 1.4 litres · s^?1 to 100 ± 22 cm H₂O and 4.9 ± 1.5 litres · s^?1 respectively; P < 0.01), while expiratory function remained unchanged. Leg maximum voluntary contraction force was significantly lower post-marathon. Breathing effort correlated significantly with leg fatigue (r = 0.69), but not inspiratory muscle fatigue. Our results confirm that prolonged moderate-intensity exercise induces inspiratory muscle fatigue. Furthermore, they suggest that the relative intensity of inspiratory muscle work during exercise makes some contribution to leg fatigue.     

Effects of stance angle on postural stability and performance with national-standard air pistol competitors

Abstract

The effects of stance angle on postural stability and shooting processes were studied using eight national-standard male air-pistol shooters. Each shooter performed 60 shots each in four stance angles (0°, 15°, 30° and 45° from the line of fire). Postural stability was determined by measuring change in centre of pressure with a dual-force platform system assessing centre-of-pressure (COP) excursion (average difference of the centre of pressure from the mean) and COP speed (total COP path divided by time). Shooting process measures were determined by using a NOPTEL ST-2000 optoelectronic system. Score was assessed with a Sius Ascor S10 electronic scoring system. The results revealed no significant difference among the various stance angles; COP excursion or COP speed, p>0.05. Results indicated a significant stance angle effect with the shooting process measure, hit fine (percentage of hold within an area the size of the 10-ring when centred over the actual shot; p = 0.025) and the shooting performance measure adjusted score (raw score adjusted for true zero; p=0.008). Moreover, best overall performance was with a stance angle of 15°. These findings suggest that stance angle may affect pistol stability and performance in air-pistol athletes.     

Choking in sport: a review

Choking under pressure is a pejorative colloquial term (Clark, Tofler, & Lardon, 2005) used to describe a sub-optimal sporting performance under stressful conditions. In order to prevent its occurrence and enable performers to achieve their potential under pressure, a full understanding of the phenomenon is necessary. By reviewing critically the contemporary research, the aim of the paper is to examine the suggested mechanisms and potential moderators of choking in sport, and consider the interventions designed to alleviate it. In addition, the conceptual and methodological concerns that exist within the choking literature will be presented, and directions for future research that address such concerns will be recommended.