冷战后西欧政党格局的变化及其影响

自 2 0世纪 80年代末以来 ,西欧政党格局发生一定变化 ,进一步向两极格局靠拢。政党格局的变化是由于冷战后冲击波、各国社会经济政治及选民队伍变化等一系列因素所致。西欧政党格局的变化将对未来西欧政治走向产生深刻影响。     

组织成员知识共享的动机和激励机制分析

知识共享是知识管理的先决条件,要实现有效的知识管理首先必须实现知识的有效共享。影响知识共享的因素是多方面的,既有技术、资源、制度和文化方面的因素,也有个体心理方面的因素。因此从个体心理角度出发,分析寻求影响组织成员知识共享行为的心理因素,进而针对影响知识共享行为的这些因素,探索建立促进知识共享的激励机制,对于实现有效的知识共享具有非常重要的现实意义。     

幼儿园课程中的家长参与和家长发展

家长是基本的教育者，也是幼儿园课程的重要参与者。本文讨论了家长参与幼儿园课程的层次，认为家长是幼儿信息的提供者、幼儿活动的督促者、幼儿园课程材料的提供者、幼儿园活动的参与者、幼儿经验的提供者、幼儿园课程的审议者、幼儿园课程的评价者，并提出了家长在幼儿园课程实施过程中得到发展的可能性和途径。同时，对家长参与课程的现状进行了理性的分析。     

The role of feedback from the school leader during teacher evaluation for teacher and school improvement

Since the turn of the century, teacher evaluation has been introduced around the world with the intent to improve teaching. However, in the literature on teacher evaluation, often findings reveal critical accounts about the effectiveness of feedback in teacher evaluation for teacher and school improvement. This article presents a qualitative study in eight schools where teachers did indicate to find the feedback they discussed with school leaders during teacher evaluation processes useful. In this study, we investigate whether we can identify what teachers actually do with this feedback and which factors contribute to their response. Our findings demonstrate the importance of school organizational characteristics and an integrated leadership approach for the feedback response of teachers. Also, our findings reveal how teacher evaluation is used in these schools to further school improvement.     

Mathematical Modeling in the Primary School: Children's Construction of a Consumer Guide

This paper examines 6th grade children's local conceptual development and mathematization processes as they worked a comprehensive mathematical modeling problem (creating a consumer guide for deciding the best snack chip) over several class periods. The children and their teachers were participating in a 3-year longitudinal teaching experiment in which sequences of mathematical modeling problems were implemented from the 5th grade (10 years of age) though to the 7th grade. In contrast to traditional problem solving, mathematical modeling requires children to generate and develop their own mathematical ideas and processes, and to form systems of relationships that are generalizable and reusable. Reported here is a detailed analysis of the iterative cycles of development of one group of children as they worked the problem, followed by a summary of the mathematization processes displayed by all groups. Children's critical reflections on their models are also reported. The results show how children can independently develop constructs and processes through meaningful problem solving. Children's development included creating systems for operationally defining constructs; selecting, categorizing, and ranking factors; quantifying quantitative and qualitative data; and transforming quantities.     

中小学课程的改革与评价考试体系的完善

为了保证课程改革的成功,评价考试体系的改革必须同步进行。应辩证地看待传统的考试方法,批判地继承传统考试的优点,要充分利用课程改革的有利时机,对传统的中小学评价考试观进行改革,还要引进相应的现代评价考试理论和方法,树立以激励学生发展,发展学生专长的评价考试观,使用先进的评价考试技术方法,建立与课程改革相适应的评价考试体系,从而更好地促进课程改革的顺利进行。     

关于执政为民和党的建设的几点思考

确立正确的执政理念,健全民主制度,加强干部队伍建设,全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程,使执政为民与党的建设有机结合,使执政为民落到实处。     

小学体育课适应学生兴趣差异教学探讨

个体差异是影响教学活动的一个重要因素。教师在培养学生体育兴趣的同时须正视学生的兴趣差异，在体育课中围绕教学目标，根据学生身心发展特点，创设情境，善用游戏，迎合学生兴趣。努力开设多样项目，开叟器材多种功能，创设丰富“玩法”，让学生自主选择，依兴趣自由组合，以满足学生兴趣需要和特长发展要求。还要通过因人而异的积极评价维护各水平段学生兴趣，促进学生终身体育锻炼意识不断增强。