关于体育手段的讨论

对我国体育手段的概念进行了分析与探讨。研究认为，传统的体育手段定义混淆了与体育之间的区别，以致出现了以体育手段代替体育的问题。广义体育的核心手段是为实现体育目的的身体运动。体育运动技术则是身体运动的高级形式。体育教学、体育锻炼、体育运动训练、体育游戏和体育竞赛不仅是实现我国体育目的的基本途径，还是体育的基本手段。     

委托代理理论下我国学校体育场地对外开放策略

为解决人民健身需求增长与体育场地资源不足的矛盾,以委托代理理论为理论基础对我国学校体育场地对外开放问题进行研究。认为当前我国学校体育场地对外开放面临管理主体责任划分不明晰、安全保障体系不健全、专业化服务不到位等困境,而委托代理理论可以提供解决思路。在构建学校体育场地对外开放管理模式的基础上,提出开放策略：建立完善的法律体系和有效的协调机制;加强管理,营造安全的健身环境;构建“互联网+”专业服务平台,提供优质服务。旨在为推动我国学校体育场地对外开放和更好地服务于全民健身提供依据。     

父母教养方式对大学生子女体重指数和身体活动行为的影响研究

运用问卷调查法和数理统计法,对176名大学生及其父母的饮食、身体活动及教养方式进行调查分析。结果显示,子女同父母在体重指数（BMI）上具有显著正相关关系（r=19,P＜05）,而在每周平均身体活动量上无显著相关（r=08,P=17）。回归分析表明,三类教养方式对子女BMI均无直接预测作用,然而专制型父母教养方式对父母与子女BMI的相关关系起间接调节作用（P＜01）;在子女身体活动行为方面,溺爱型父母教养方式更有可能导致子女的身体活动不足（P＜01）。研究结果表明,大学生离开家庭环境后,父母教养方式仍然对子女BMI和身体活动行为产生持续影响,父母与子女BMI方面存在相关关系。为今后在青少年肥胖干预及身体活动促进研究中纳入教养方式因素提供了实证依据。     

The application of inertial measurement units and functional principal component analysis to evaluate movement in the forward 3½ pike somersault springboard dive

Based on technological and analytical advances, the capability to more accurately and finitely examine biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement has improved. The purpose of this study was to use Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) to examine the role of movement variability (assessed via angular velocity), on 2 divers (1 international level; 1 national) performing the forward 3½ pike somersault dive. Analysis of angular velocity curves during ive-flight identified 5 fPCs, accounting for 96.5% of movement variability. The national diver’s scatter plots and standard deviation of fPC scores illustrated larger magnitudes of angular velocity variability across dive flight. For fPC1 and fPC3, magnitudes of SD variability were 282.6 and 201.5, respectively. The international diver illustrated more consistent angular velocity profiles, with clustering of fPCs scores (e.g., fPC1 & 3 = SD’s of 75.2 & 68.0). To account for lower variability in the international diver, the ability to better coordinate movement sequences and functionally utilise feedback in response to initiation of the somersault position is highlighted. Overall, findings highlight how both IMUs and fPCA can more holistically and finitely examine the biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement sequences with the capability to inform athlete development.     

Fear as political dynamics: Chinese peasant workers’ struggle over social security

This article attempts to understand the subject formation of Chinese peasant workers by exploring the emotional dynamics of their struggle for social security, in particular, the new political possibilities created by emotional forces, and the complex ways they experience and articulate the distinctive kind of emotional politics that binds peasant workers with the state in their co-production of emotionally charged power relations, identities, and subjectivities. It formulates an analytical framework that explores the emotional politics of fear that plays out in the context of economic restructuring. In contemporary China, the conflict triggered by social insurance contributions has become a component of the ensuing social crisis, where many protest events are triggered by widespread outrage at the violation of legal rights to social insurance and other welfare security. This research focuses on the struggle of a group of peasant workers at a UNIQLO supplier in Shenzhen, exploring how their fears for the future are constituted, and how their emotional feelings of insecurity motivate collective action and reconfigure their emotional identity and subjectivity in the face of extreme risk. Informed by a relational understanding of emotions, this paper investigates the complex ways in which the proliferation of fear, as a result of an anticipated pain in the future, articulates the process of subject-making in the face of increasing instability and precarity. The study attempts to demonstrate the centrality of fear for China’s sociopolitical order and the radical action of labor resistance.     

6周有氧运动对肥胖大学生身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响

对肥胖大学生进行为期6周有氧运动干预,观察其身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响,探究运动减肥对肥胖大学生身体健康的促进作用。选取38名BMI≥28的在校大学生,年龄在18-20周岁。开课前、结课后进行身高、体重、胸围、体脂率、基础代谢率、空腹血糖、空腹血脂等各项指标检查。减脂课程持续6周,每周一、三、五进行11.5小时有氧运动,并进行适当的饮食控制,比较各项指标。6周有氧运动加合理饮食对肥胖大学生身体形态指标、身体素质指标以及生理生化指标均有明显改善。     

高等体育教育供给侧结构性改革的发展理念与策略研究

围绕为什么进行高等体育教育供给侧结构性改革,契合"适应和引领新常态发展的重大创新,适应我国新常态发展的必然要求"这一理论问题,从供给侧结构性改革的导向、目标和内容等方面就如何实施高等体育教育的供给侧结构性改革提出发展理念,继而在教育活动主体结构、教育场域结构和教育创新层次结构等方面对高等体育教育的结构性改革进行策略研究,以期有效改善存在于我国高等体育教育中的结构性问题。     

‘Tidy,toned and fit’: locating healthism within elite athlete programmes

Coaches and athletes have been increasingly inundated with power related ‘truths’ about their bodies, health and performance as they construct their subjectivities. Over the last couple of decades in New Zealand, schools have initiated elite athlete programmes (EAPs) for a select few students based primarily on their athletic ability and fitness levels. Drawing on Gore's techniques of power, my study investigated how healthism and the cult of the body discourses were (re)produced, negotiated and resisted by coaches and elite athletes and how body pedagogies defined and shaped bodies in two high school EAPs. My analysis suggested that ‘toned and fit’ bodies signified responsible athletes compared to ‘fat’ bodies and that elite athletes disciplined their bodies to overcome pain to remain productive. In both EAPs, power circulated at the micro-level of pedagogical practice to normalise and monitor the athletes’ diet, body weight and shape, and reinforced tensions between prudentialism and hedonism.     

Sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Controversial results reported in past research pertaining to the effectiveness of sport-based physical activity interventions on weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents using a meta-analysis. Academic Search Complete, Education Source, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SportDiscus databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2015. Eighteen studies met following inclusion criteria: sport-based intervention studies; subjects aged 6–18 years; reported body weight; published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. The mean intervention duration was 17.72 weeks. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.52 (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.95, P = 0.021), using a random effects model. Moderator analyses results showed that the Q statistic for the sport type (individual sport or team sport, Qbetween (Q_b) = 14.52, df = 1, P = 0.001) and diet control (Qbetween (Q_b) = 8.85, df = 1, P = 0.001), explained the heterogeneity of ESs. Our study showed that there was a moderate overall effect of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight reduction. The team sport type (ES = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.66) and diet control group (ES = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.26, 1.41) appeared to be more effective in reducing body weight.     

Estimating fat-free mass in elite-level male rowers: a four-compartment model validation of laboratory and field methods

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from two-compartment (2C) models including air displacement plethysmography (ADP), ultrasound (US), near-infrared interactance (NIR), and the Jackson and Pollock skinfold equation (SKF) against a criterion four-compartment (4C) model in elite male rowers. METHODS: Twenty-three elite-level male rowers (mean± SD; age 24.6 ± 2.2 years; stature: 191.4 ± 7.2 cm; mass: 87.2 ± 11.2 kg) participated in this investigation. All body composition assessments were performed on the same day in random order, except for hydrostatic weighing (HW), which was measured last. FFM was evaluated using a 4C model, which included total body water from bioimpedance spectroscopy, body volume from HW, and total body bone mineral via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The major findings of the study were that the 2C models evaluated overestimated FFM and should be considered with caution for the assessment of FFM in elite male rowers. Future studies should use multiple-compartment models, with measurement of TBW and bone mineral content, for the estimation of FFM.