How schools train principals to use new teacher evaluation systems: A comparative case study of charter school and traditional public school principals

Over the past decade U.S. policymakers, practitioners, and researchers have sought to examine if changing teacher evaluation policies and systems have resulted in changes in identifying quality teachers and/or increased student achievement. This research generally shows most states have experienced little change in how teachers are rated. Researchers are now exploring why, in many cases, teacher evaluation reforms have failed to produce the desired systematic changes of better identifying quality teachers and better distinguishing teacher performance. Embedded within this line of inquiry is how principals (and other evaluators) are trained to use new teacher evaluation systems. This comparative case study observed six principals (three charter school principals and three traditional public school principals) in the U.S. state of Michigan as they learned and enacted a new teacher evaluation system. Additionally, all principals were interviewed three times throughout the school year, in an effort to examine how their initial teacher evaluation training impacted their evaluation of teachers. The research questions that guided this work were: (1) how are principals initially trained when their school adopts a new teacher evaluation system?; (2) in what ways does the training received by charter school principals compare to that of traditional public school principals?; and (3) how does initial training impact how principals evaluate teachers? Results indicate principals are trained to navigate the logistics of new teacher evaluation systems, but are not trained to evaluate teacher performance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.     

主轴承孔采用加工中心加工的质量和效率研究分析

针对发动机缸体主轴承孔加工精度高,公差规定严的要求,加工中采用缸体底面及底面两定位销孔定位的方式,选择合适的加工方式和刀具在加工中心上进行加工,可有效保证其加工精度。     

浅谈《福乐智慧》长诗中的次要人物形象及其有关信息

《福乐智慧》是11世纪维吾尔诗歌艺术的典范,在此作品中作者以格言、哲学诗歌等形式来表达自己对当时社会的观点。同时利用主、次要人物角色来间接地传达当时社会的基本情况。本文主要探求《福乐智慧》长诗中的次要人物形象所体现的社会信息,讨论怎样理解长诗中的次要人物形象问题。     

用人制度改革:高校“去行政化”的切入点

大学欲真正去行政化,就必须改革用人制度。本文提出我国大学用人制度的改革,可以采取民选基础上的职业校长制、聘用制度下的教育职员制和双轨型的教师聘任制三种制度有机结合的方式。     

主应力轴旋转情况下土的各向异性理论研究进展

从理论方面,对国内外主应力轴旋转情况下土的各向异性研究进行了对比和总结,并提出了一些研究建议。指出在理论方面,应当对屈服面方程采用应力分量表示的模型在三维空间里进行屈服面性状的描述,同时考虑不同加载方向下屈服面的变化特性以及旋转硬化的问题,并应开展对加载方向变化时土体屈服面变化特性的实验研究及理论验证。     

关于主成份综合评价一个改进模型的探讨

分组主成份分析是将主成份分析和因子分析相结合的一种改进模型,实际应用中有一定的意义。将其和因子分析进行比较,并在此基础之上,引进变异系数作进一步的改进,建立综合评价模型,提高了评价结果的合理性和客观性,用我国各地区中等职业教育的发展情况做模型检验,取得了较好的效果。     

Building collaborative structures for teachers’ autonomy and self-efficacy: the mediating role of participative management and learning culture

This study focused on the collaborative structure-building behavior of school principals and examined how such behavior affects teacher empowerment. More important, it tested the mediating effects of participative management and learning culture. By collecting nested data from 104 schools in Hong Kong and adopting multilevel structural equation modeling, we found that teachers’ sense of autonomy and self-efficacy were correlated at the individual level but were independent at the school level. The effect of building collaborative structures on teachers’ self-efficacy was mediated by both participative management and learning culture, whereas the effect on autonomy was mediated by participative management only. The findings contribute to the literature in at least 2 ways. First, the inclusion of both principal leadership and school-level factors provides more refined predications of teacher empowerment. Second, the testing of the theory-grounded hypotheses in an Asian society verifies the validity of certain cultural assertions about this region.     

立起“人生支点”：初中教育的本来意义

目前的初中学生最难教,初中教师最难当,初中校长最难做。缘何？因为教育观念莫衷一是、误区太多,初中学生又处于人生中的“多事之秋”,初中教师恰好处在教育系统链条中的“咽喉要塞”,初中校长更是置身于社会批评教育的“风口浪尖”当中。初中学生的鲜明特点在于强化“人生支点”的自我意识,初中教师的根本职责在于培植“人生支点”的坚实根基。初中校长的特殊使命在于扬起“人生支点”的前进风帆。夫如斯,不可不重视初中教育,不可不善待初中学生．不可不珍视初中校长和教师。     

脑卒中发病环境因素的定量分析模型

利用提供的数据,在合理假设前提下,给出了脑卒中发病环境因素分析模型．首先采用主成分分析法建立模型,得出影响脑卒中发病的三个因素中,第一类主成分是气温和气压,第二类主成分是相对湿度．其次利用回归分析法得到回归方程,并利用部分数据进行检验．     

国家主体功能区的核心设计：构筑三条国家基础安全保障线

本文简要分析了中国经济社会发展面临的重大挑战,提出了国家主体功能区划分要实现的五大目标,系统设计了以"国家发展安全保障线"、"国家生存安全保障线"和"国家生态安全保障线"三条保证线为标志的国家主体功能区核心内容,科学论证了三个120万平方公里面积分别保障中国的发展安全、生存安全和生态安全的可能性,三条保障线将为中国未来发展和国家的基础安全奠定基础。