“资本生成悖论”消解的逻辑学启示——基于逻辑悖论方法论的视角

从"劳动力"这种特殊的商品入手,马克思揭开了剩余价值的秘密,消解了资本生成悖论,实现了古典政治经济学基础理论的质变性创新。"资本生成悖论"消解中体现的澄清基础理论的核心概念、揭示对立统一的辩证矛盾、创新"公认正确的背景知识"等方法,具有普适的解悖方法论价值。     

高中男女生数学解题思维定势的特点与差异调查

数学解题思维定势是指解题者在解决数学问题的思维过程中表现出来的思维的定向预备状态，同中学生的数学解题思维过程中普遍存在各式各样的思维定势，这些思维定势的总体特点是：以技能性定势，知识性定势为主，以策略性定势为辅，具有显著的迁移性，女生的数学解题思维定势中知识性定势，技能性定势成分相对多于男生，而策略性定势成分则少于男生，在数学教学中，应“精加工”陈述性知识，注重变式训练，加强数学思想方法的教学。     

问题解决的信息机制

阐述了信息科学中的一些基本问题，并利用信息科学的观点对问题解决理论进行了分析和总结，从而对问题解决概念、影响因子与问题解决过程中的信息活动模式和信息机制有了新的比较深入的认识。所得结论对问题解决方法研究和表象与环境相互作用的系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

文科综合实验教学示范中心的建设现状与问题破解——基于协同理论的思考

文科[1]综合实验教学中心的出现是典型的“自组织过程”的产物,是高等学校文科实验教学改革创新的重要成果.本文基于协同理论,对文科综合实验教学示范中心的建设工作进行了深入思考,总结了文科综合实验教学示范中心的建设经验及其蕴含的客观规律,阐述了文科实验教学“相变”过程及其“新相”的类型、重点剖析了中心存在的结构不完善的问题及其产生问题的根本原因,提出了破解问题的基本路径:更新高等教育观念;形成发展基本规则;建立相应保障机制和实现扁平化管理.     

把脉解题方向 对接思维通道

文章从数学解题的前提、核心和抓手三个方面剖析数学解题过程中的思维活动和心理变化,为数学解题思路的获得和教学提供思想上的指导.     

计算机网络中冲突域和广播域的形成及解决对策研究

冲突域和广播域是计算机网络中两个非常重要而又容易混淆的概念,正确掌握和应用这两个概念对计算机网络技术的理解和掌握非常关键.主要论述了计算机网络中冲突域和广播域的概念、两者的比较、形成和解决对策.     

Effects of different sequences of examples and problems on motivation and learning

Recent research has shown that example study only (EE) and example-problem pairs (EP) were more effective (i.e., higher test performance) and efficient (i.e., attained with less effort invested in learning and/or test tasks) than problem-example pairs (PE) and problem solving only (PP). We conducted two experiments to investigate how different example and problem-solving sequences would affect motivational (i.e., self-efficacy, perceived competence, and topic interest) and cognitive (i.e., effectiveness and efficiency) aspects of learning. In Experiment 1, 124 technical students learned a mathematical task with the help of EEEE, EPEP, PEPE, or PPPP and then completed a posttest. Students in the EEEE Condition showed higher posttest performance, self-efficacy, and perceived competence, attained with less effort investment, than students in the EPEP and PPPP Condition. Surprisingly, there were no differences between the EPEP and PEPE Condition on any of the outcome measures. We hypothesized that, because the tasks were relevant for technical students, starting with a problem might not have negatively affected their motivation. Therefore, we replicated the experiment with a different sample of 81 teacher training students. Experiment 2 showed an efficiency benefit of EEEE over EPEP, PEPE, and PPPP. However, only EEEE resulted in greater posttest performance, self-efficacy, and perceived competence than PPPP. We again did not find any differences between the EPEP and PEPE Condition. These results suggest that, at least when short training phases are used, studying examples (only) is more preferable than problem solving only for learning. Moreover, this study showed that example study (only) also enhances motivational aspects of learning whereas problem solving only does not positively affect students’ motivation at all.     

Cognitive load in algebra: element interactivity in solving equations

Central to equation solving is the maintenance of equivalence on both sides of the equation. However, when the process involves an interaction of multiple elements, solving an equation can impose a high cognitive load. The balance method requires operations on both sides of the equation, whereas the inverse method involves operations on one side only. In an experiment, middle school students (N?=?71) were randomly assigned to the balance and inverse methods to complete a pre-test, an acquisition phase and a post-test. Pre-test and post-test comparisons found that the inverse group outperformed the balance group for those equations that involved high element interactivity. Instructional efficiency measures further confirmed that the balance method imposed higher cognitive load. The inverse method was capable of reducing cognitive load due to the interacting elements.     

Problem solving in mathematics: the significance of visualisation and related working memory

The importance of educational psychologists’ (EPs’) skills to the formulation of evidence-based educational strategies, as well as in response to learning difficulties, is demonstrated here in relation to mathematical problem solving. Initiatives to improve the link between mathematical skills from school to everyday life have drawn significantly on problem solving tasks. Through critical evaluation of research, the relevance of visualisation methods and working memory to problem solving is considered within this article. Studies suggest that differences exist in the effectiveness of particular visualisation methods, but that training can improve their utility and thereby problem solving performance. Additionally, differences between individuals and contexts can influence visualisation use, and some pupils experience specific difficulties in this area. Recommendations are made to enhance the teaching of visualisation as a strategy for problem solving, and to support those pupils with specific difficulties.     

Development of learning to learn skills in primary school

In Finland, schools’ effectiveness in fostering the development of transversal skills is evaluated through large-scale learning to learn (LTL) assessments. This article presents how LTL skills—general cognitive competences and learning-related motivational beliefs—develop during primary school and how they predict pupils’ CPS skills at the end of sixth grade. The six-year follow-up of 608 pupils shows that cognitive competences demonstrated in the beginning of the first grade in a learning preparedness test predict both later cognitive LTL competences and CPS, but their development is not fully determined by earlier individual differences in learning preparedness in the first grade. Motivational beliefs begin to be related to cognitive LTL performance gradually from age 10 on, and they may have a slightly stronger effect on CPS than on cognitive LTL performance. It is concluded that the development of CPS is partly depending on pupils’ initial learning preparedness and the development of their LTL skills.